TABLE 3.
Left atrial parameters assessed by three-dimensional and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in female amateur athletes.
| Female (N = 27) | Post-Hoc p-Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | ANOVA p-Value | S1 vs. S2 | S1 vs. S3 |
| LAVmax index, mL/m2 | 32.7 ± 6.8 | 31.2 ± 8.6 | 32.7 ± 7.0 | 0.314 | - | - |
| LAVmin index, mL/m2 | 14.0 ± 3.8 | 12.7 ± 4.0 | 13.7 ± 3.9 | 0.056 | - | - |
| LAVpreA index, mL/m2 | 21.4 ± 5.8 | 21.1 ± 6.5 | 20.9 ± 5.6 | 0.820 | - | - |
| LA total EV index, mL/m2 | 18.9 ± 4.2 | 18.8 ± 5.6 | 19.1 ± 3.8 | 0.893 | - | - |
| LA passive EV index, mL/m2 | 11.4 ± 3.0 | 10.4 ± 3.9 | 12.0 ± 3.0 | 0.086 | - | - |
| LA active EV index, mL/m2 | 7.5 ± 2.5 | 8.4 ± 3.4 | 7.0 ± 2.5 | 0.087 | - | - |
| LA total EF, % | 57.8 ± 5.5 | 59.8 ± 5.7 | 58.4 ± 5.2 | 0.116 | - | - |
| LA passive EF, % | 35.4 ± 8.1 | 33.2 ± 8.2 | 36.0 ± 8.7 | 0.158 | - | - |
| LA active EF, % | 34.3 ± 6.4 | 39.4 ± 8.6 | 34.0 ± 7.5 | 0.010 | 0.020 | 0.995 |
| LA PALS, % | 37.4 ± 3.2 | 38.2 ± 3.2 | 37.1 ± 3.2 | 0.150 | - | - |
| LA PACS, % | 12.8 ± 2.1 | 14.9 ± 2.7 | 12.6 ± 2.2 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.935 |
LAVmax, left atrial maximal volume; LAVmin, left atrial minimal volume; LAVpreA, left atrial pre-A-wave volume; LAEV, left atrial emptying volume; LAEF, left atrial emptying fraction; LA PALS, peak left atrial longitudinal strain; LA PACS, peak left atrial contraction strain. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.