Table 3.

Studies comparing lean versus obese MSC therapeutic efficacy in disease models.

MSC Source	Disease Model	Lean MSC	Obese MSC	Cause of difference in therapeutic action	Reference
Human atMSC (1x10^6 i.p.)	Mouse Experimental autoimmune encephalitis	improved clinical score (inflammation, lesion size, preserved myelin) in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalitis	no improvement in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalitis	increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines	110
Human atMSC (5x10^5 intra-aorta)	Mouse Renal stenosis	normalisation of ischemic kidney cortical perfusion in stenotic mouse kidneys	no effect on ischemic kidney cortical perfusion in stenotic mouse kidneys	increased cellular senescence	114
Human atMSC (5x10^5 intra-aorta)	Mouse model of renal artery stenosis	normalisation of renovascular hypertension	partial alleviation of renovascular hypertension	not clear	115
Human atMSC (5x10^5 intra-aorta)	Mouse model of renal artery stenosis (RAS)	small improvement in renal atrophy. decreased M1 macrophages, M1/M2 ratio and inflammation in RAS kidneys	no improvement in renal atrophy. M1 macrophages remained high	obese MSC had a pro-inflammatory phenotype releasing more TNF-α	94