Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
| Parameter | Baseline characteristics in the entire study population | Baseline characteristics only in participants who developed COVID-19 | Reference ranges | P valuea vs b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milda | Severeb | ||||
| Gender (W/M) | 41/64 | 2/4 | 1/5 | - | 0.505 |
| Age (years) | 41.6 ± 11.2 | 47.3 ± 10.3 | 45 ± 9.6 | - | 0.343 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.3 ± 4.8 | 26 ± 1.6 | 25.5 ± 1.1 | <25.0 | 0.458 |
| Obesity (W/M) | 14/10 | 0/0 | 0/1 | - | 1.000 |
| D prevalence (%) | 6 | 0 | 0 | - | 1.000 |
| Hypertension prevalence (%) | 8.6 | 0 | 0 | - | 1.000 |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | - | 1.000 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 75.4 ± 10.8 | 72.5 ± 5.9 | 70.5 ± 5.2 | 60-100 | 0.550 |
| Breathing rate (bpm) | 15.7 ± 3.3 | 16.5 ± 2.5 | 15.6 ± 2.8 | 15-20 | 0.609 |
| Body temperature (°C) | 36.2 ± 0.2 | 36.1 ± 0.2 | 36.1 ± 0.1 | ≤37.5 | >0.999 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128.6 ± 18.3 | 124.5 ± 11.5 | 125.8 ± 7.2 | <130 | 0.816 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82.1 ± 11.3 | 78.5 ± 9.3 | 80.1 ± 6.3 | <85 | 0.725 |
| Peripheral oxygen saturation (%) | 95.8 ± 2.2 | 95.6 ± 1.0 | 96.1 ± 2.7 | >91 | 0.682 |
| Leukocytes (×103/μl) | 6.3 ± 1.2 | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 6.9 ± 1.8 | 4.00-11.00 | 0.213 |
| Neutrophil percentage (%) | 58.3 ± 8.6 | 55.2 ± 10.4 | 57.2 ± 7.2 | 37.00-80.00 | 0.367 |
| Lymphocyte percentage (%) | 31.5 ± 7.2 | 33.8 ± 9.6 | 27.4 ± 4.1 | 10.00-50.00 | 0.106 |
| Monocyte percentage (%) | 5.8 ± 0.9 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 7.4 ± 1.6 | 0.00-8.00 | 0.084 |
| Band cells (%) | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00-7.00 | 0.216 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 16.7 ± 1.0 | 16.2 ± 1.4 | 16.9 ± 0.7 | 13.1-18.00 | 0.173 |
| Platelets (×103/μl) | 219.3 ± 24.6 | 180 ± 22.9 | 208.6 ± 26.5 | 150 -400 | 0.053 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 96.3 ± 7.4 | 83.4 ± 6.1 | 92 ± 9.7 | 70.0-126.0 | 0.447 |
| Urea (mg/dl) | 30.2 ± 8.6 | 28.6 ± 4.9 | 39.2 ± 10.5 | 20.00-40.00 | 0.059 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.60-1.30 | 0.180 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 207.9 ± 48.0 | 178.8 ± 18.3 | 171.4 ± 37.5 | 50.0-200.0 | 0.350 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 180.5 ± 82.6 | 196.8 ± 104 | 134.8 ± 59.1 | 30.0-200.0 | 0.140 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 44.7 ± 8.5 | 40.6 ± 10.8 | 41 ± 9.4 | ≤45.00 | 0.475 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 110.6 ± 34.2 | 114. 6 ± 33.3 | 117.8 ± 28.4 | <116.00 | 0.437 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.00-1.00 | 0.423 |
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.06 | 0.00-0.30 | 0.211 |
| Indirect bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.20-1.00 | 0.421 |
| ALT (IU/l) | 30.4 ± 8.9 | 27.6 ± 9.6 | 24 ± 9.9 | 30-65 | 0.288 |
| AST (IU/l) | 28.2 ± 5.6 | 23.6 ± 6.8 | 19.4 ± 3.6 | 15-37 | 0.129 |
| ALP (IU/l) | 51.5 ± 14.1 | 17.6 ± 16.8 | 59.2 ± 15.7 | 50-136 | 0.116 |
| GGT (IU/l) | 31.2 ± 19.7 | 36.4 ± 31.0 | 35.7 ± 17.4 | 5-40 | 0.485 |
| Total Protein (mg/dl) | 7.1 ± 0.1 | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 7.1 ± 0.2 | 6.50-8.20 | 0.275 |
| Albumin (mg/dl) | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.29 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 3.50-5.00 | 0.267 |
| LDH (IU/l) | 194.2 ± 17.0 | 179.2 ± 4.7 | 162.6 ± 25.0 | 100-190 | 0.118 |
| Amylase (IU/l) | 51.3 ± 15.6 | 45.5 ± 13.2 | 47.4 ± 17.1 | 25-115 | 0.430 |
| Lipase (IU/l) | 37.4 ± 14.8 | 28.5 ± 12.5 | 24.8 ± 10.8 | 12-70 | 0.324 |
Reference values are shown according to the Clinical Laboratory of the General Hospital of Mexico. We expressed data as mean ± standard deviation. We retrospectively compared baseline characteristics between mild and severe groups using the chi-square test or the unpaired Student’s T-test and considered differences significant when P < 0.05. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; W, women; M, men; BMI, body mass index; D, type 2 diabetes; bpm, breaths per minute; HDL, high-density lipoproteins; LDL, low-density lipoproteins; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, gamma glutamyl transferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.We show demographic, clinical, and biochemical baseline parameters in all participants and those who developed COVID-19 during the six-month follow-up.