Table 2.
Total number of included patients, patients with MESCC, and patients with pVCF in every included RCT. SM: spinal metastases, MESCC: metastatic epidural spinal cord compression, pVCF: pathologic vertebral compression fracture. Calculated cumulative incidence of MESCC and pVCF respectively per 1000 patients with SM. Bold numbers represent the respective totals. †: datapoint not shown in Fig. 3 due to axis limits. ‡: Risk of bias: 1: properly powerd and conducted RCT, 2: well-designed controlled trial without randomization; prospective comparative cohort trial, 3: case-control studies; retrospective cohort study, 4: case series with or without intervention; cross-sectional study, 5: opinion of respected authorities, case reports.
| Author | # of patients | # of MESCC | # of pVCF | # of MESCC per 1000 SM | # of pVCF per 1000 SM | Risk of bias‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All tumors | 9594 | 371 | 1332 | 38.7 | 138.8 | |
| Rosen 2004 [54] | 773 | 25 | 127 | 32.3 | 164.3 | 1 |
| Breast carcinoma | 4454 | 104 | 786 | 23.3 | 176.5 | |
| Theriault 1999 [55] | 372 | 13 | 108 | 34.9 | 290.3 | 1 |
| Himelstein 2003 [56] | 1822 | 53 | 141 | 29.1 | 77.4 | 1 |
| Kohno 2005 [57] | 227 | 17 | 90 | 74.9 | 396.7† | 1 |
| Martin 2012 [58] | 2033 | 21 | 447 | 10.3 | 219,9 | 1 |
| Prostate carcinoma | 4264 | 238 | 416 | 55.8 | 97.6 | |
| Small 2003 [59] | 350 | 8 | 21 | 22.9 | 60.0 | 1 |
| Dearnaeley 2003 [60] | 311 | 34 | 19 | 109.3† | 61.1 | 1 |
| Saad 2004 [61] | 643 | 34 | 42 | 52.9 | 65.3 | 1 |
| Fizazi 2011 [62] | 1901 | 62 | 280 | 32.6 | 147.3 | 1 |
| Wang 2013 [63] | 137 | 2 | 7 | 14.6 | 51.1 | 1 |
| Ueno 2013 [64] | 60 | 2 | 1 | 33.3 | 16.7 | 1 |
| Pan 2014 [65] | 105 | 1 | 4 | 9.5 | 38.1 | 1 |
| James 2016 [66] | 757 | 95 | 42 | 125.5† | 55.5 | 1 |
| Lung carcinoma | ||||||
| Udagawa 2017 [67] | 103 | 4 | 3 | 38.8 | 29.1 | 3 |