TABLE 1.

List of child's comorbidities

Congenital heart disease

Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (extreme tetralogy of Fallot), ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, aortic arch interruption, truncus arteriosus, and other congenital heart diseases

Immune system disorder

Immunodeficiency, repeated infection, and other immune/allergic disorders (e.g., atopic dermatitis, asthma, hay fever, etc.)

Endocrine disorder

Hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia, thyroid dysfunction, and other endocrine disorders

Gastrointestinal disease

Dysphagia, tube feeding, inguinal hernia, and other gastrointestinal diseases

Otorhinolaryngology/maxillofacial disease

Ear infection, hearing loss, cleft palate, cleft lip, nasopharyngeal incompetence, submucous cleft palate, and other otorhinolaryngology/maxillofacial diseases

Orthopedic disease

Scoliosis, pes valgus, clubfoot, cervical spine abnormality, and other orthopedic disorders

Growth/developmental disorder

Intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD, Asperger's syndrome), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, learning disorder, speech delay, selective mutism, delayed motor development, growth disorder/short stature, and other growth/developmental disorders

Psychiatric/neurological disorder

Schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder (manic depression), anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and other neuropsychiatric disorders

Other diseases