Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies in meta-analysis

Year	First author	Country	Type of DCIS	Number of participants	TIL’s detection method	Cutoff of TIL’s point	Subtype of TILs	Treatment	Median follow up	Outcome	Reference
2006	Gaynor J. Bates et al.	UK	p-DCIS	62	IHC	15	FOXP3+ TILs	S & AT (RT/ HT)	5.4 y	AR	[20]
2016	G. Pruneri et al.	Europe	DCIS	1488 (set1: n = 1391; set2: n = 620)	HE	set1: < 1% vs. 35–50%	total p-TILs	S & AT (RT/ HT)	8.2 y	IR	[8]
						set2: < 1% vs. > 50%
2015	Elizabeth Thompson et al.	USA	p-DCIS & i-DCIS	total p-TILs (n = 27) PD-L1+ TILs (n = 27)	HE & IHC	50%	total p-TILs	S & AT	80 m	IR	[9]
							PD-L+ TILs
2017	Shona Hendry et al.	Australia	p-DCIS	total p-TILs (n = 138) PD-L1+ TILs (n = 79) PD-L1+ TC(n = 79)	HE & IHC	TILs: 2%. PD-L1: 1%	total p-TILs	S & AT (RT/ HT)	TILs: 89 m PD-L1:39 m	IR	[7]
							PD-L1+ TILs
							PD-L1+ TC
2018	Michael S. Toss et al.	UK	training set:	training set	HE	training set: 5%	training set:	training set:	training set: 161 m	IR	[14]
			p-DCIS	(n = 150)			total p-TILs	S/ S & RT
			validation set:	validation set		validation set: 20	validation set:	validation set:	validation set: 109 m
			p-DCIS	(n = 534)			total t-TILs	S/ S & RT
2019	Rajiv Dave et al.	Australia	p-DCIS	423	HE	5%	total p-TILs	BCS	119 m	IR	[21]
2020	Marie Colombe Agehozo et al.	Netherlands	p-DCIS	total p-TILs (n = 466) PD-L1+ TILs (n = 115) PD-L1+ TC(n = 115)	HE & IHC	30%	total p-TILs	BCS/ MAS	98 m	IR	[22]
							PD-L1+ TILs
							PD-L1+ TC
2019	Farbod Darvishian et al.	USA	p-DCIS	69	HE	45%	total p-TILs	BCS	6.7 y	IR	[11]
2019	Mieke Van Bockstal et al.	Belgium	p-DCIS	211	HE	50%	total p-TILs	S & AT (RT/ HT)	124 m	IR	[10]
2020	Aye Aye THIKE et al.	Singapore	DCIS	total p-TILs (n = 198) CD4+ TILs (n = 198)	HE & IHC	20%	total p-TILs	S (BCS/ MAS)	TILs: 7.9 y CD4+: 7.2 y	AR	[23]
							CD4+ TILs
2020	Michael S. Toss et al.	UK	p-DCIS	total p-TILs (n = 508) FOXP3+ TILs(n = 406) PD-L1+ TILs (n = 383) CD4+ TILs (n = 403) CD8+ TILs (n = 402)	HE & IHC	20	total t-TILs	BCS	unknown	IR	[12]
							FOXP3+ TILs
							PD-L1+ TILs
							CD4+ TILs
							CD8+ TILs
2020	Alberto Farolfi et al.	Italy	p-DCIS	496	HE	5%	total p-TILs	S/ S & RT	56.4 y	IBE	[15]
2021	Fei-Fei Xu et al.	China	p-DCIS &	135	HE	5	total t-TILs	BCS/ BCS & RT	53 m	IR	[13]
			m-DCIS

UK United Kingdom, USA United States of America, p-DCIS pure DCIS, i-DCIS pure DCIS mixed with IDC, m-DCIS pure DCIS mixed with microinvasive cancer, HE Hematoxylin and eosin staining, IHC Immunohistochemistry staining, TILs Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, vt-TILs Stromal touching TILs, p-TILs percentage of stromal TILs, TC Tumor cell, S Surgery, BCS Breast conserving surgery, MAS Mastectomy, AT Adjuvant therapy, RT Radiation therapy, HT Hormonal therapy, IR Lipsilateral recurrence; AR All kinds of recurrence, IBE Ipsilateral breast cancer events