Table 2.

List of known microRNAs involved in the integration of defense-related responses with growth and development-related responses

miRNAs	Biotic stresses	Traits	References
Osa-miR156	Blast, BB, BPH	Grain size, grain yield, grain quality, panicle branching, Seed germination, tillering, plant architecture	[82–88]
Osa-miR159	Blast, BB	Floral development, stem elongation, leaf development, grain size	[89–91]
Osa-miR160	Blast	Rice growth and development, tillering, seed setting rate	[92, 93]
Osa-miR162	Blast	Drought tolerance, plant development	[94, 95]
Osa-miR164	Blast, BB	Drought tolerance, plant architecture, grain yield	[96–98]
Osa-miR166	Blast	Nutrient ion uptake, drought tolerance, cadmium tolerance	[99, 100]
Osa-miR167	Blast, BB	Auxin response, tiller number, grain weight	[101–103]
Osa-miR169	Blast, BB	Nitrogen-use efficiency, salt stress	[43, 104]
Osa-miR319	Blast, RRSV	Leaf morphogenesis, cold tolerance, plant height	[105–107]
Osa-miR396	Blast, BPH, Foot rot	Grain size, grain yield, floral development, stem elongation, salt, and alkali tolerance	[79, 80, 87, 108–112]
Osa-miR398	Blast	Panicle length, grain number, grain size, abiotic stress	[88, 113]
Osa-miR444	Blast, RSV	Tillering, nitrate signalling, root development	[114–116]
Osa-miR528	RSV	Flowering time, pollen development, arsenite tolerance, cold tolerance	[117–120]

BB Bacterial blight, BPH Brown planthopper, RRSV Rice ragged stunt virus, RSV Rice stripe virus