Features measured by AutoMorph, including tortuosity, vessel caliber, disc-to-cup ratio, and others. For each image, the optic disc/cup information is measured, including the height and width, as well as cup-to-disc ratio. For binary vessels, the tortuosity, fractal dimension, vessel density, and average width are measured. In addition to these features, arteries/veins are also used for measuring the caliber features CRAE, CRVE, and AVR by Hubbard and Knudtson methods.