Fig. 1.

Blocking and neutralization mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 BY PLANT-MADE viral trap proteins - CTB-ACE2 and FRIL: (A) The pentameric insoluble microparticles of the lettuce chloroplast CTB-ACE2 in the chewing gum tablet effectively binds to the viral spike proteins and sediments the SARS-CoV-2 in the chewing gum or blocks the viral entry into human cells by binding to ACE2/GM1 receptors. (B) The homo-tetramer, FRIL a plant lectin (from Lablab bean) binds to complex-type-N glycans present on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses forming aggregates and also sequesters virions at the late endosomal stage, thereby preventing entry into the nucleus of human cells.