Fig. 5.

FRIL Plaque Reduction Neutralization Assay: H1N1 (A/California/7/2009-X181), H3N2 (A/Singapore/INFMH-16/0019/2016), and HCoV-OC43 viruses were pre-incubated with increasing amounts of purified FRIL protein or soluble extract of lablab bean powder or soluble extract of FRIL chewing gum powder at 37 °C for 1 h in 100 μL. The pretreated viruses were then added onto cells for the plaque reduction assay and plaque numbers were quantified at 28 h post infection for the two Flu viruses and 5 days post infection for HCoV-OC43 virus. The data represents Mean ± SD of plaque numbers from two independent experiments in duplicate. One mg of bean powder contains 4 μg FRIL. Dosage for 50% inhibition is shown in nanograms (ng) for purified FRIL and milligrams (mg) for bean powder and gum.