TABLE 3.
Parameters associated with laundry QMRA
| Variable description | Units | Point estimate | Source/reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogen concentration | |||
| Respiratory virus (rhinovirus) | log gc/ml secretions | 7 | L’Huillier et al. (2015) |
| Non‐enveloped virus | log CFU/g faeces | 11 | Gerba (2000) |
| Enteric bacteria | log CFU/g faeces | 10 | Gerba (2000) |
| Clothing stored at room temperature (24 h) | |||
| Enveloped virus | Log reduction | 4.5 | Gerhardts et al. (2016) |
| Nonenveloped virus | 0 | Sattar et al. (1986) | |
| Enteric bacteria | 0 | Sattar et al. (1986) | |
| Contact with porous surface | Contacts/min | 5.5 | Beamer et al. (2015) |
| Transfer rate to hands: | |||
| Virus/bacteria | Probability | 0.003 | Rusin et al. (2002); Lopez et al. (2013) |
| Face/orifice contact, adult | Contact | 1 | Assumed single event (Wilson et al., 2021) |
| Transfer rate to mouth | Rate/event | 0.339 | Rusin et al. (2002) |
| Cold water wash | |||
| Enveloped virus (20℃) | Log reduction | >4 | Heinzel et al. (2010) |
| Nonenveloped virus (20–23℃) | 2.88 | Gerba and Kennedy (2007) | |
| Enteric bacteria (20–23℃) | 2.1 | Gerba et al. (2016) | |
| Hot water wash: | |||
| Enveloped virus (56℃) | >4 | Abraham et al. (2020) | |
| Non‐enveloped virus (54–60℃) | 5.6 | Sidwell et al. (1967) | |
| Enteric bacteria (52℃) | >6.4 | Honisch et al. (2014) | |
| Regular detergent wash: | |||
| Enveloped virus | Log reduction | >6 | Gerhardts et al. (2016) |
| Nonenveloped virus | 1.75 | Kennedy and Gerba (1998) | |
| Enteric bacteria | 0.95 | Gibson et al. (1999) | |
| Advanced detergent wash | |||
| Enveloped virus | Log reduction | >6.4 | Honisch et al. (2014) |
| Nonenveloped virus | 5.43 | Kennedy and Gerba (1998) | |
| Enteric bacteria | 3 | Gibson et al. (1999) | |
| Chlorine bleach rinse | |||
| Enveloped virus | Log reduction | >6 | Assumed (Gerhardts et al., 2016) |
| Nonenveloped virus | 4.52 | Gibson et al. (1999) | |
| Enteric bacteria | 4–5 | Bloomfield et al. (2013) | |
| Machine drying | |||
| Enveloped virus | Log reduction | 1–2 | Harbourt et al. (2020) |
| Nonenveloped virus | 0.32 | Kratzel et al. (2020) | |
| Enteric bacteria | 4.83 | Gerba et al. (2016) | |
| Alcohol‐based hand rub intervention | |||
| Respiratory virus | Log reduction | 6 | Bloomfield et al. (2007) |
| Nonenveloped virus | 4.6 | Bloomfield et al. (2007) | |
| Enteric bacteria | 4.7 | Bloomfield et al. (2013) | |
| Pathogen dose–response parameters: | |||
| Rhinovirus | Beta Poisson | α = 2.21E‐01 | QMRAwiki.org |
| β = 1.81E+00 | |||
| Rotavirus | Beta Poisson | α = 2.53E‐01 | |
| β = 6.17E+00 | |||
| Salmonella | Beta Poisson | α = 2.10E‐01 | |
| β = 4.98E+01 | |||