TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics
| CDH patients (n = 101) | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| PH‐treated: No (n = 56) | PH‐treated: Yes (n = 45) | ||
| Maternal parameters | |||
| Maternal age (years) | 32 (27–36) | 30 (26–34) | 0.527 |
| Maternal BMI | 23.5 (21.6–26.4) | 23.1 (20.8–28.1) | 0.835 |
| Nulliparous | 32 (57.1) | 20 (44.4) | 0.233 |
| Prenatal parameters | |||
| Polyhydramnios | 14 (25) | 17 (38) | 0.196 |
| US1 (n = 55) | |||
| Prenatal liver position: Up | 13 (23) | 10 (22) | 0.785 |
| CDH severity | 0.771 | ||
| Mild | 19 (34) | 17 (38) | |
| Moderate | 10 (18) | 8 (18) | |
| Severe | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| N.A. | 27 (48) | 19 (42) | |
| US2 (n = 51) | |||
| Prenatal liver position: Up | 11 (20) | 11 (24) | 1.000 |
| CDH severity | 0.202 | ||
| Mild | 17 (30) | 10 (22) | |
| Moderate | 10 (18) | 13 (29) | |
| Severe | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| N.A. | 29 (52) | 21 (47) | |
| US3 (n = 94) | |||
| Prenatal liver position: Up | 16 (29) | 19 (42) | 0.208 |
| CDH severity | 0.009 | ||
| Mild | 42 (75) | 22 (49) | |
| Moderate | 11 (20) | 17 (38) | |
| Severe | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | |
| N.A. | 3 (5) | 4 (9) | |
| Perinatal parameters | |||
| Gender: Male | 37 (66) | 21 (47) | 0.068 |
| GA at delivery (weeks) | 38+3 (37+5–38+6) | 38+1 (37+4–38+6) | 0.570 |
| Caesarean section | 12 (21) | 13 (19) | 0.663 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3000 (2725–3200) | 3000 (2600–3150) | 0.437 |
Note: Data are presented as numbers (% of total inclusion number) or median (IQR), bold type p values indicate statistical significance differences between the groups. US1, ultrasound scan ≤24 weeks gestational age (GA); US2, ultrasound scan 24–30 weeks GA; US3 ultrasound scan ≥30 weeks GA. Prenatal liver position “up”: liver intrathoracic. CDH severity: combination of O/E LHR and liver position according to Jani et al. 16 : mild (O/E LHR > 46% or O/E LHR 36%–45% + liver down), moderate (O/E LHR 36%–45% + liver up or O/E LHR 26%–35%), severe (O/E LHR ≤ 25%).
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; PH, pulmonary hypertension.