TABLE 2.
Stomach position | p Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Grade 4 | ||
US1 | n = 8 | n = 13 | n = 29 | n = 4 | |
Liver position at US1: Up | 1 (13) | 0 (0) | 19 (66) | 3 (75) | <0.001 |
O/E LHR at US1 | 58 (49–75) | 44 (39–48) | 43 (40–49) | 32 (29–47) | 0.001 |
CDH severity at US1 | <0.001 | ||||
Mild | 8 (100) | 10 (77) | 14 (48) | 1 (25) | |
Moderate | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | 14 (48) | 3 (75) | |
Severe | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | |
N.A. | 0 (0) | 2 (15) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
US2 | n = 10 | n = 10 | n = 24 | n = 4 | |
Liver position at US2: Up | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 18 (75) | 3 (75) | <0.001 |
O/E LHR at US2 | 51 (47–63) | 41 (32–54) | 40 (34–47) | 33 (30–40) | 0.014 |
CDH severity at US2 | 0.001 | ||||
Mild | 7 (70) | 5 (50) | 8 (33) | 0 (0) | |
Moderate | 1 (10) | 3 (30) | 15 (63) | 4 (100) | |
Severe | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |
N.A. | 2 (20) | 2 (20) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
US3 | n = 19 | n = 26 | n = 45 | n = 8 | |
Liver position at US3: Up | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 26 (58) | 7 (88) | <0.001 |
O/E LHR at US3 | 58 (49–68) | 46 (39–57) | 43 (40–50) | 29 (25–37) | <0.001 |
CDH severity at US3 | <0.001 | ||||
Mild | 17 (90) | 19 (73) | 25 (56) | 1 (13) | |
Moderate | 1 (5) | 3 (12) | 19 (42) | 5 (63) | |
Severe | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (25) | |
N.A. | 1 (5) | 4 (15) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) |
Note: Data are presented as numbers (% of group total), p values represent the association (by use of the Fisher exact test for liver position or Jonckheere–Terpstra test for O/E LHR) or Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (CDH severity) between the four stomach position grades and prenatal characteristics. Bold type p values indicate statistical significance. Liver position “up”: liver intrathoracic. CDH severity: combination of O/E LHR and liver position according to Jani et al. 16 : mild (O/E LHR > 46% or O/E LHR 36%–45% + liver down), moderate (O/E LHR 36%–45% + liver up or O/E LHR 26%–35%), severe (O/E LHR ≤ 25%).
Abbreviation: CDH, congenital diaphragmatic hernia.