FIGURE 5.

Mean effect size differences in bird biodiversity metrics between forest and cocoa agriculture for all birds, guilds that avoid agriculture (endemics, frugivores, and insectivores), and agriculture associates (granivores, generalists, migrants, and nectarivores) in landscapes with high (>40%) and low (<40%) amounts of primary forest in a 10‐km radius around the study site (asterisks, estimated Hedges’ g* values significantly different between landscapes for each group at *p< 0.05 and ***p< 0.001; whiskers, 95% CIs around model estimates). Data compiled from 16 studies of biodiversity in cocoa.