TABLE 1.
Species considered under the US Endangered Species Act in relation to climate change, showing the year and outcome of the listing decision, the primary threat to the species related to climate change, the time period used when considering the foreseeable future, and the agency undertaking the evaluation
| Species | Year | Decision | Climate threat | Foreseeable future | Agency | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) | 2008 | Threatened | Sea ice loss | 2050 | FWS | 1 |
| Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) | 2008 | Not listed | Sea ice loss | 2080–2100 | FWS | 2 |
| Ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata) | 2008 | Not listed | Sea ice loss | 2050 | NMFS | 3 |
| American pika (Ochotona princeps) | 2010 | Not listed | Temperature rise | 2025–2050 | FWS | 4 |
| Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) | 2011 | Warranted but precluded | Sea ice loss | 2100 | FWS | 5 |
| Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus nauticus) (Beringia and Okhotsk DPS) | 2012 | Threatened | Sea ice loss | 2100 | NMFS | 6 |
| Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) (Arctic, Okhotsk, Baltic, Ladoga subspecies) | 2012 | Threatened (Arctic, Okhotsk, Baltic); endangered (Ladoga) | Sea ice loss | 2100 | NMFS | 7 |
| North American wolverine (Gulo gulo luscus) (contiguous US DPS) | 2013 | Proposed listing as threatened (later withdrawn) | Snowpack loss | 2099 | FWS | 8 |
| 20 coral species | 2014 | Threatened | Ocean warming and acidification | 2100 | NMFS | 9 |
| Florida Keys mole skink (Plestiodon egregius egregius) | 2017 | Not listed | Sea level rise | 2060 | FWS | 10 |
| ʻIʻiwi (Drepanis coccinea) | 2017 | Threatened | Temperature rise | 2100 | FWS | 11 |
| Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) | 2017 | Not listed | Sea ice loss | 2060 | FWS | 12 |
| Cedar Key mole skink (Plestiodon egregius insularis) | 2018 | Not listed | Sea level rise | 2050 | FWS | 13 |
| Meltwater lednian stonefly (Lednia tumana) | 2019 | Threatened | Glacier loss | 2050 | FWS | 14 |
| Western glacier stonefly (Zapada glacier) | 2019 | Threatened | Glacier loss | 2050 | FWS | 15 |
| North American wolverine (Gulo gulo luscus) (contiguous US DPS) | 2020 | Listing proposal withdrawn | Snowpack loss | 38–50 years | FWS | 16 |
1: USFWS (2008c); 2: USFWS (2008a); 3: NMFS (2008); 4: USFWS (2010); 5: USFWS (2011); 6: NMFS (2012b); 7: NMFS (2012a); 8: USFWS (2013); 9: NMFS (2014); 10: USFWS (2017c); 11: USFWS (2017d); 12: USFWS (2017c); 13: USFWS (2018b); 14: USFWS (2019); 15: USFWS (2019); 16: USFWS (2020b).
Abbreviations: FWS, US Fish and Wildlife Service; NMFS, National Marine Fisheries Service, DPS, distinct population segment.