Table 2.

Types of environmental monitoring involving Indigenous communities (adapted from Danielson et al., 2009; Johnson et al., 2016; Kouril et al., 2016)

Types of Environmental monitoring involving Indigenous communities
Type	Lead	Project details
Indigenous‐led	Indigenous communities	Monitoring is developed, implemented, analyzed, and reported on by one or more Indigenous communities, based on community priorities seeking to answer community concerns. The lead community may involve technicians or Western scientists to support technical aspects of the project, but the community itself is in charge of the design and implementation of the monitoring program(s).
Collaborative	Indigenous communities and Western scientists collaborate from start to finish. (sometimes scientists will lead)	Everyone contributes to the planning, design, implementation, analysis, and reporting on the research, but the community may not lead in the interpretation, validation, or reporting of the research. Collaborative projects are in some cases developed by community‐led initiatives and sometimes by WS‐led concerns. Projects usually offer opportunities for both participants to build capacity and share knowledge.
Participatory	Western scientists	The community supports the project, most often as volunteer data collectors in the field. The research questions, methods, and analyses are driven by Western science but still may address community concerns. There may be opportunities for communities to be trained in science‐based methods for potential autonomous ICBM at a later date.