Table 4.
Laboratory Findings and Cytokine Profiling in the ICU
| Day 0 Laboratory Findings | na | All Patients (N = 38) | MIS-A− (n = 13) | MIS-A+ (n = 25) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemogram and hemostasis | |||||
| Leukocytes, 109/L | 12.6 (9.2-19.7) | 8.7 (5.7-11.4) | 18.5 (11.7-21.0) | <0.001 | |
| Lymphocytes, 109/L | 0.8 (0.5-1.5) | 1.2 (0.6-2.3) | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) | 0.08 | |
| Polymorphonuclear cells, 109/L | 10.7 (5.8-18.0) | 5.8 (3.4-8.1) | 15.6 (10.3-19.0) | <0.001 | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12,1 (11.1-13.5) | 12.5 (10.4-16.0) | 12 (11.6-13.3) | 0.8 | |
| Platelets 109/L | 192 (152-247) | 192 (92-258) | 206 (160-243) | 0.7 | |
| Prothrombin time, % | 72 (64-81) | 65 (56-90) | 72 (69-77) | 0.4 | |
| D-dimers, μg/L | 3 | 3,860 (1,290-6,700) | 2,500 (396-20,000) | 4,217 (1,602-6,035) | 0.6 |
| Inflammatory parameters | |||||
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 5 | 257 (110-329) | 5 (4-72) | 277 (226-376) | <0.0001 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 7.4 (0.5-46) | 0.2 (0.1-1.1) | 12.8 (3.7-65) | <0.0001 | |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 6.8 (4.2-8.5) | 3.2 (2.2-4.3) | 7.9 (6.8-9.2) | <0.0001 | |
| Biochemical findings | |||||
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 105 (69-156) | 85 (60-105) | 134 (71-265) | 0.038 | |
| LDH, IU/L | 2 | 419 (315-634) | 619 (320-973) | 385 (307-526) | 0.2 |
| AST, IU/L | 83 (46-139) | 70 (42-168) | 94 (46-129) | 0.9 | |
| ALT, IU/L | 50 (32-101) | 39 (26-110) | 60 (37-101) | 0.4 | |
| Serum total bilirubin, μmol/L | 11 (8-19) | 6 (4-14) | 12 (10-21) | 0.006 | |
| pH | 1 | 7.43 (7.30-7.46) | 7.31 (7.15-7.42) | 7.44 (7.41-7.47) | 0.004 |
| pO2, mm Hg | 1 | 90 (70-120) | 106 (80-235) | 81 (69-99) | 0.06 |
| pCO2, mm Hg | 1 | 30 (24-36) | 29 (20-46) | 30 (27-36) | 0.7 |
| Serum bicarbonates, mmol/L | 2 | 19 (15-23) | 16 (10.4-19.4) | 21 (17-24) | 0.005 |
| Arterial lactate, mmol/L | 2 | 2.5 (1.7-3.9) | 5.5 (1.8-8.2) | 2.1 (1.5-2.7) | 0.009 |
| Highest value in ICU, mmol/L | 2 | 3.1 (2.4-7.1) | 7.5 (5.2-15.5) | 2.7 (1.7-3.4) | <0.0001 |
| Serum protein, g/L | 61 (52-68) | 51 (40-57) | 65 (58-70) | <0.0001 | |
| Serum albumin, g/L | 25 (22-28) | 27 (23-33) | 25 (20-27) | 0.1 | |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 15 | 2 (1.7-3) | 2.0 (1.1-3.0) | 2.3 (1.8-3.2) | 0.4 |
| Immunological findings | |||||
| RNA polymerase 3 autoantibodies | 7 (18) | 7 (54) | 0 (0) | 0.001 | |
| Serum cytokine levels in ICU | |||||
| IL-12p70, pg/mL | 3 | 0.03 (0.01-0.4) | 0.03 (0.01-0.1) | 0.03 (0.01-0.4) | 0.3 |
| IL-1β, pg/mL | 3 | 0.2 (0.02-0.4) | 0.3 (0.01-0.9) | 0.2 (0.02-0.3) | 0.5 |
| IL-4, pg/mL | 3 | 0.4 (0.2-1.1) | 0.3 (0.3-0.5) | 0.6 (0.2-2.1) | 0.3 |
| IL-5, pg/mL | 3 | 0.1 (0.01-0.5) | 0.04 (0.01-0.6) | 0.3 (0.06-0.6) | 0.1 |
| IFN-γ, pg/mL | 3 | 0.4 (0.2-2.2) | 0.4 (0.09-2.0) | 1.2 (0.2-2.6) | 0.2 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 3 | 55.2 (25.1-207.6) | 39.6 (16.6-225.4) | 57.8 (26.9-198.9) | 0.7 |
| IL-8, pg/mL | 3 | 82.7 (58.2-166.4) | 158.7 (74.9-784.2) | 65.7 (55.7-118.3) | 0.02 |
| IL-22, pg/mL | 3 | 6.4 (2.3-15.7) | 1.5 (0.7-2.9) | 9.93 (5.28-28.99) | <0.0001 |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 3 | 14.2 (8.9-38.1) | 8.0 (4.9-34.0) | 21.1 (9.9-41.9) | 0.05 |
| IL-10, pg/mL | 3 | 50.3 (15.9-76.6) | 67.8 (20.1-143.1) | 44.2 (12.8-68.4) | 0.3 |
| IL-17A, pg/mL | 3 | 1.6 (0.2-5.2) | 0.15 (0.08-0.3) | 3.2 (0.8-6.2) | <0.0001 |
| IFN-α2, pg/mL | 3 | 0.02 (0.005-1.3) | 2.4 (0.2-15.0) | 0.013 (0.002-0.04) | 0.001 |
| IFN-β, pg/mL | 4 | 0.6 (0.6-0.6) | 0.6 (0.6-1.8) | 0.6 (0.6-0.6) | 0.2 |
| Anti-IFNα autoantibodies | 4 | 5 (15) | 1 (10) | 4 (17) | 1 |
Values are median (IQR) or n (%), unless otherwise indicated. Continuous variables are compared with Wilcoxon’s rank test; categorical variables are compared with Fisher exact test.
ALP = alkaline phosphatase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; IFN = interferon; IL = interleukin; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; other abbreviations as in Table 1.
a
Number of missing values.