Table 4.
Two‐ and three‐factor solutions for the cross‐validation and confirmation samples
| Sample A: Cross‐validation (N = 2454) | Sample B: Confirmation (N = 2166) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESEM.2 F.2θ | CFA.2 F.2θ | CFA.3 F.2θ | CFA.2 F.2θ | ||||||||||
| Item/factor | F1 | F2 | h 2 | F1 | F2 | h 2 | F1 | F2 | F3 | h 2 | F1 | F2 | h 2 |
| i01. Interested | 0.37 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.11 |
| i02. Strong | 0.59 | −0.13 | 0.43 | 0.68 | 0.00 | 0.47 | 0.68 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.72 | 0.00 | 0.51 |
| i03. Enthusiastic | 0.78 | 0.01 | 0.60 | 0.76 | 0.00 | 0.58 | 0.76 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.58 | 0.79 | 0.00 | 0.62 |
| i04. Inspired | 0.77 | 0.03 | 0.58 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 0.56 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.56 | 0.78 | 0.00 | 0.61 |
| i05. Proud | 0.61 | 0.06 | 0.35 | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.32 | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.32 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 0.41 |
| i06. Determined | 0.71 | −0.09 | 0.57 | 0.77 | 0.00 | 0.59 | 0.77 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.59 | 0.81 | 0.00 | 0.66 |
| i07. Attentive | 0.63 | −0.03 | 0.41 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 0.41 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.41 | 0.69 | 0.00 | 0.48 |
| i08. Active | 0.73 | −0.01 | 0.54 | 0.74 | 0.00 | 0.54 | 0.74 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.54 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 0.56 |
| i09. Afraid | 0.02 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.71 | 0.00 | 0.51 | 0.00 | 0.75 | 0.57 |
| i10. Scared | −0.02 | 0.67 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 0.70 | 0.00 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.74 | 0.55 |
| i11. Guilty | −0.11 | 0.60 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 0.70 | 0.49 |
| i12. Ashamed | −0.02 | 0.61 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.63 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 0.47 |
| i13. Nervous | 0.11 | 0.78 | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.00 | 0.51 | 0.00 | 0.78 | 0.61 |
| i14. Jittery | 0.02 | 0.73 | 0.52 | 0.00 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.00 | 0.52 | 0.00 | 0.81 | 0.66 |
| i15. Upset | −0.10 | 0.60 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 0.66 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.74 | 0.54 | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.51 |
| i16. Distressed | −0.10 | 0.56 | 0.36 | 0.00 | 0.63 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.74 | 0.54 |
| i17. Hostile | 0.09 | 0.47 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.41 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.43 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.39 |
| i18. Irritable | −0.01 | 0.58 | 0.34 | 0.00 | 0.58 | 0.34 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.52 |
| F1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| F2 | −0.40 | 1.00 | −0.45 | 1.00 | −0.42 | 1.00 | −0.27 | 1.00 | |||||
| F3 | −0.44 | 0.84 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
Note: ESEM = exploratory structural equation modeling; CFA = confirmatory factor analysis; #F = number of factors; #θ = number of error correlations; i01–i18 = items; F1–F3 = factors; h2 = communality. The error correlations between items i09–10 and i15–i16 were estimated for all models The geomin rotation is shown for the ESEM solution. Factor loadings ≥ 0.30 in absolute value are in bold. Cross‐loadings fixed to zero appear in italics. Model CFA.3F.2θ corresponds to Mehrabian's (1997) three factors of positive affect, upset, and afraid, with the addition of the two error correlations. p < 0.05 for all factor loadings, factor correlations, and communalities, except those underlined.