TABLE 1.

Variance components of null models for Level‐1 variables

Study variable	Within‐individual variance (σ 2)	Between‐individual variance (τ 2)	Percent variability within individuals
Workplace	0.225	0.026	89.5
Time pressure	0.786	0.354	69.0
Work‐family conflict (employee‐rated)	0.804	0.346	69.9
Work‐family conflict (spouse‐rated)	0.600	0.404	59.8
Morning work engagement	0.313	0.488	39.1
Morning organizational PA	0.187	0.826	18.4
Morning emotional exhaustion	0.334	0.456	42.3
Morning organizational NA	0.081	0.129	38.6

Note: N = 34. Percent variability within individuals was computed as σ ²/(σ ² + τ ²)*100.

Abbreviations: NA, negative affect; PA, positive affect.

All within‐individual variances were significantly different from zero (p < 0.001).