Table 3.

Impact score (IS, in units of PAF m³ d/kg_applied) of the average scenarios with a cover crop for each environmental compartment (continental: rural air, freshwater, natural soil, and agricultural soil), for the two scenarios: tomato and grapevine and %‐change (Equation 17) when not using a cover crop (i.e., bare soil), for the application of two pesticides (mancozeb and pyriproxyfen). Calculation of %‐change = [(IS_without_cover – IS_with_cover)/IS_with_cover] × 100

Emission distribution and cover crop fate	Crop	IS Rural air	IS Freshwater	IS Natural soil	IS Agricultural Soil	Total
Initial distribution—with cover exported from the field*	Tomato	21 (<1%)	18 (−2%)	10 (1%)	201 (113%)	251 (91%)
	Grapevine	26 (<1%)	80 (−1%)	11 (1%)	214 (103%)	331 (66%)
Secondary emissions—cover exported from the field*	Tomato	21 (<0.1%)	18 (−)	10 (−)	189 (111%)	238 (88%)
	Grapevine	26 (<0.1%)	79 ()	11 (−)	209 (100%)	326 (64%)
Secondary distribution—cover buried in the field soil**	Tomato	21 (<0.1%)	18 ()	10 (−)	414 (−3%)	463 (−3%)
	Grapevine	26 (<0.1%)	79 ()	11 (−)	424 (−2%)	541 (−1%)

^* $f_{\text{field}\to \text{cover}}$ and $f_{\text{cover‐sec}}$ were not linked to the impact assessment model used (i.e., USEtox).

^** $f_{\text{cover‐sec}}$ was assigned to continental agricultural soil in the impact assessment model used (i.e., USEtox).