. 2020 Jan 18;100(5):2198–2207. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10244

Table 3.

Concentration (μg L⁻¹) of volatile compounds of honeys from different botanical origins and locations

		Chestnut‐Yalova	Chestnut‐Düzce	Rhododendron	Lavender	Sage	Carob	Heather	Citrus	Pine	Wildflower‐Ardahan	Wildflower‐Sivas	Wildflower‐Kırşehir
1	(E)‐2‐hexenal	511.23^a	14.30^b	9.66^b	17.44^b	7.40^b	10.85^b	28.53^b	4.88^b	7.73^b	3.43^b	7.47^b	3.76^b
2	(E)‐2‐methyl‐2‐butenal	3250.8^a	240.77^b	119.24^b	57.07^b	17.46^b	38.32^b	168.76^b	30.54^b	41.92^b	16.02^b	13.10^b	10.10^b
3	(Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol	136.27^a	49.83^de	66.38^cd	79.33^c	36.49^ef	101.09^b	113.04^b	20.35^fg	19.27^fg	8.31^g	5.45^g	14.59^g
4	1,3‐butanediol	757.36^a	86.57^bc	53.84^c	160.15^bc	101.71^bc	189.99^b	133.99^bc	73.47^bc	68.51^bc	61.68^c	72.94^bc	47.76^c
5	1‐hexanol	145.65^a	20.70^c	11.30^cd	57.46^b	155.71^a	17.84^cd	18.85^cd	8.04^cd	10.91^cd	8.82^cd	11.55^cd	6.21^d
6	1‐octen‐3‐ol	79750^a	441.60^b	185.30^b	69.91^b	35.09^b	55.66^b	305.91^b	75.60^b	68.28^b	36.32^b	40.63^b	25.94^b
7	1‐p‐menthen‐9‐ol	165.87^b	5.63^c	7.60^c	169.61^b	352.98^a	42.39^c	34.54^c	7.91^c	19.42^c	20.34^c	32.16^c	20.59^c
8	2,3‐butanedione	179.78^b	87.40^e	76.94^ef	109.52^d	79.78^ef	208.61^a	200.44^a	64.73^fg	74.56^ef	129.66^c	64.20^fg	51.91^g
9	2‐aminoacetophenone	2376.6^a	49.93^b	14.63^b	22.48^b	25.96^b	11.58^b	59.36^b	5.00^b	6.54^b	2.29^b	2.22^b	1.93^b
10	2‐butanol	879.22^a	421.14^c	168.68^efg	277.27^de	189.31^efg	604.02^b	604.38^b	253.44^def	211.55^defg	119.97^g	331.65^cd	136.03^fg
11	2‐cyclopenten‐1,4‐dione	1058.4^c	516.50^de	585.63^d	444.71^def	341.16^fg	1400.9^a	1217.7^b	191.93^gh	387.04^ef	205.55^gh	1040.3^c	179.91^h
12	2‐heptanol	190.14^a	15.42^b	9.39^b	12.64^b	14.86^b	16.98^b	21.86^b	6.62^b	8.59^b	5.81^b	6.60^b	5.38^b
13	2‐hydroxyacetophenone	286.01^b	16.65^c	9.93^c	578.60^a	399.65^b	12.82^c	53.58^c	9.73^c	7.57^c	3.96^c	4.74^c	2.88^c
14	2‐methyl‐2‐butanol	252.61^c	79.41^d	30.81^f	68.98^de	35.35^f	478.26^a	288.43^b	54.47^def	53.69^def	34.02^f	70.49^de	46.64^ef
15	2‐phenylethanol	3397.9^a	93.02^b	37.93^b	30.06^b	25.36^b	39.61^b	72.50^b	22.76^b	29.94^b	21.46^b	15.04^b	14.78^b
16	3‐methylbutanal	174.47^a	91.09^c	25.05^e	34.00^e	23.97^e	183.61^a	114.35^b	25.11^e	69.72^d	24.99^e	28.75^e	18.59^e
17	4‐methoxybenzaldehyde	283.74^b	16.51^c	9.85^c	574.01^a	396.48^b	12.72^c	53.16^c	9.65^c	7.51^c	3.93^c	4.70^c	2.86^c
18	5‐methylfurfural	109.06^a	15.05^b	6.69^b	20.98^b	116.66^a	17.83^b	18.51^b	6.71^b	8.73^b	5.83^b	15.84^b	5.42^b
19	acetic acid	3707.9^a	1495.6^cd	1654.5^c	1265.6^cde	988.71^ef	3916.7^a	3428.3^a	542.24^f	1088.5^de	579.95^f	2908.1^b	505.65^f
20	acetoin	814.95^b	230.32^d	77.41^fg	158.36^def	159.49^def	1655.8^a	507.46^c	101.66^efg	114.08^efg	39.40^g	191.30^de	100.25^efg
21	acetone	4020.9^a	1189.0^c	133.05^e	2063.7^b	424.26^de	471.51^de	318.68^e	266.98^e	950.71^c	226.45^e	822.88^cd	327.30^e
22	alpha‐pinene	403.75^b	23.50^c	14.02^c	816.77^a	564.16^b	18.09^c	75.64^c	13.73^c	10.69^c	5.60^c	6.69^c	4.06^c
23	benzaldehyde	5720.1^a	292.29^b	159.32^b	72.16^b	39.47^b	241.64^b	455.33^b	46.88^b	99.70^b	17.05^b	53.24^b	24.92^b
24	benzyl alcohol	14383^a	407.02^b	215.02^b	49.97^b	19.03^b	122.45^b	726.06^b	42.66^b	64.02^b	12.66^b	22.43^b	15.94^b
25	beta‐pinene	382.58^b	22.27^c	13.28^c	773.94^a	534.58^b	17.14^c	71.68^c	13.01^c	10.13^c	5.30^c	6.34^c	3.85^c
26	utanoic acid	611.57c	192.25d	74.60f	167.01de	85.58f	1157.9a	698.31b	131.88def	129.99def	82.36f	170.65de	112.92ef
		Chestnut‐Yalova	Chestnut‐Düzce	Rhododendron	Lavender	Sage	Carob	Heather	Citrus	Pine	Wildflower‐Ardahan	Wildflower‐Sivas	Wildflower‐Kırşehir
27	chloroform	3646.5^a	251.17^b	151.00^b	237.60^b	213.32^b	274.09^b	272.06^b	157.04^b	136.02^b	118.52^b	120.44^b	80.84^b
28	cis‐6‐nonen‐1‐ol	53.70^b	13.71^d	11.17^d	23.98^c	10.69^d	73.33^a	26.35^c	8.31^d	10.67^d	11.37^d	9.37^d	13.67^d
29	coumarin	2050.9^a	41.39^b	16.87^b	19.16^b	32.13^b	46.06^b	44.48^b	11.69^b	11.96^b	8.73b	7.28b	7.92b
30	damascenone	22.23^a	8.71b^cd	6.35^cd	8.01^cd	8.66^bcd	13.62^b	10.96^bc	5.66^d	6.42^cd	7.61 cd	5.77d	5.89d
31	decanal	50.33^a	5.47^c	3.80^c	26.31^b	39.69^a	8.62^c	6.76^c	3.54^c	4.03^c	4.12^c	4.21^c	3.71^c
32	dimethyl disulfide	26833^a	140.95^b	48.05^b	44.12^b	14.49^b	45.64^b	118.12^b	14.52^b	12.53^b	8.86^b	17.07^b	5.08^b
33	dimethyl sulfide	1447.9^a	169.72^d	102.26^d	161.48^d	135.36^d	254.61^bcd	396.17^bc	469.57^b	194.09^cd	109.46^d	150.54^d	157.87^d
34	dimethyl trisulfide	750.75^a	35.97^b	32.14^b	96.89^b	132.58^b	58.82^b	56.54^b	32.68^b	31.56^b	28.57^b	37.09^b	27.95^b
35	dodecane	393.64^b	36.73^c	32.67^c	320.92^b	23.23^c	612.25^a	348.46^b	43.67^c	21.75^c	21.20^c	12.46^c	13.23^c
36	ethanol	255571^a	72135^b	54791^c	24578^def	5996.2^g	19492^ef	66825^bc	31769^de	34235^d	2465.4^g	4227.8^g	11994^fg
37	ethyl acetate	1077.9^b	304.66^d	102.39^fg	209.48^def	210.97^def	2190.2^a	671.24^c	134.46^efg	150.91^efg	52.11^g	253.05^de	132.60^efg
38	ethyl benzoate	8035.1^a	59.03^b	75.88^b	40.28^b	25.84^b	44.78^b	67.80^b	85.78^b	29.39^b	22.02^b	17.02^b	12.46^b
39	furfural	409.49^a	23.09^d	18.53^d	201.01^b	54.19^cd	49.41^cd	65.10^cd	16.33^d	32.33^d	25.32^d	82.90^c	23.10^d
40	furfuryl alcohol	232.70^a	60.77^b	17.33^c	15.82^c	26.67^c	24.12^c	21.98^c	8.25^c	17.00^c	6.59^c	29.18^bc	7.45^c
41	guaiacol	24.55^a	6.20^de	5.01^de	13.01^b	11.00^bc	7.73^cd	5.91^de	4.14^de	5.98^de	5.14^de	4.83^de	3.87^e
42	heptanal	66.38^a	16.81^c	11.67^c	16.52^c	16.07^c	34.03^b	19.91^c	9.07^c	13.59^c	13.08^c	11.17^c	14.55^c
43	heptane	26034^a	356.61^b	170.89^b	250.61^b	175.48^b	191.74^b	506.44^b	94.52^b	152.05^b	80.83^b	144.31^b	63.46^b
44	heptanoic acid	84.37^a	39.72^b	27.74^bc	33.89^bc	24.58^bc	32.36^bc	27.69^bc	22.08^c	29.87^bc	33.79^bc	33.86^c	20.52^bc
45	hexanal	92.95^a	28.31^e	20.51^efg	45.74^d	78.18^b	59.64^c	27.17^ef	11.62^g	17.15^fg	12.18^g	18.75^efg	10.35^g
46	hexane	1523.9^a	212.59^bcd	145.33^cd	285.60^bcd	166.75^cd	391.68^bc	447.35^b	155.27^cd	165.56^cd	185.42^cd	138.98^d	116.88^d
47	hexanoic acid	4595.9^a	116.13^b	62.45^b	82.39^b	41.91^b	119.65^b	128.24^b	47.55^b	52.92^b	44.75^b	42.51^b	34.52^b
48	hotrienol	101.36^bc	13.75^c	14.30^c	193.68^b	501.89^a	23.91^c	17.86^c	15.81^c	15.36^c	9.71^c	16.00^c	8.86^c
49	hydroxymethylfurfural	1694.2^a	32.68^b	27.53^b	82.47^b	66.06^b	44.75^b	51.58^b	24.31^b	23.97^b	19.43^b	26.05^b	18.86^b
50	isoamyl alcohol	1913.9^a	564.05^c	63.09^e	978.32^b	201.24^de	223.52^de	151.38^e	126.66^e	450.72^c	107.33^e	390.23^cd	155.16^e
51	isobutyl alcohol	18581^a	387.24^b	170.24^b	52.87^b	19.90^b	103.67^b	477.65^b	81.01^b	78.82^b	22.29^b	49.95^b	30.45^b
52	isopropyl benzene	440.40^a	53.87^cd	33.81^d	82.20^bcd	122.60^b	88.46^bc	81.83^bcd	94.00^bc	45.60^cd	45.76^cd	35.50^d	116.69^b
53	lemonol	18338^a	162.01^b	53.86^b	493.91^b	188.40^b	10.22^b	139.64^b	13.95^b	21.94^b	16.03^b	6.23^b	10.91^b
		Chestnut‐Yalova	Chestnut‐Düzce	Rhododendron	Lavender	Sage	Carob	Heather	Citrus	Pine	Wildflower‐Ardahan	Wildflower‐Sivas	Wildflower‐Kırşehir
54	lilac alcohol	35.71^b	9.77^c	8.37^c	29.18^b	8.35^c	49.88^a	29.27^b	7.54^c	8.52^c	8.27^c	6.05^c	6.62^c
55	lilac aldehyde	65.37^a	5.18^f	7.39^ef	24.71^c	6.87^ef	14.86^de	35.16^b	18.85^cd	4.37^f	5.79^ef	7.12^ef	5.22^f
56	maltol	62.02^b	22.43^e	29.22^de	86.34^a	35.92^d	77.60^a	48.85^c	31.76^de	23.80^e	23.26^e	39.48^cd	21.29^e
57	menthol	96905^a	98.89^b	35.92^b	55.62^b	53.41^b	28.70^b	95.57^b	16.23^b	19.99^b	13.48^b	13.13^b	12.34^b
58	methanol	13011^a	5453.16^ef	2659.7^h	4812.8^fg	4539.2^fg	7437.1^cd	6325.8^de	2699.1^h	8611.5^bc	4838.0^fg	8833.9^b	3828.3^gh
59	methyl anthranilate	330.50^a	6.06^b	6.88^b	14.92^b	13.90^b	7.97^b	9.23^b	15.67^b	3.10^b	1.34^b	1.21^b	1.42^b
60	nerolidol oxide	5.59^a	2.19^b	1.94^b	1.88^b	2.49^b	1.97^b	1.51^b	1.41^b	1.83^b	1.93^b	1.77^b	1.37^b
61	nerolidol	4.23^a	1.57^bcd	1.09c^d	1.18^cd	3.11^ab	2.77^abc	1.25^bcd	1.05^cd	1.11^cd	1.35^bcd	0.80^d	0.94^cd
62	nonanal	15035^a	179.67^b	79.23^b	303.33^b	97.16^b	249.98^b	325.49^b	48.67^b	67.08^b	35.51^b	43.67^b	38.41^b
63	nonane	7288.7^a	118.15^b	58.74^b	61.42^b	41.08^b	99.86^b	110.54^b	31.47^b	42.13^b	29.21^b	28.86^b	23.43^b
64	nonanol	103.86^a	23.72^b	20.34^b	27.48^b	18.52^b	19.45^b	21.22^b	15.68^b	18.76^b	27.18^b	17.52^b	20.44^b
65	octanal	158.50^a	12.84^b	11.50^b	22.72^b	14.79^b	17.84^b	21.17^b	11.95^b	11.80^b	10.38^b	17.77^b	9.08^b
66	octane	564.11^a	66.00^b	48.70^b	60.37^b	43.10^b	59.44^b	64.67^b	34.97^b	47.78^b	46.66^b	45.17^b	38.29^b
67	octanoic acid	103.86^a	23.72^b	20.34^b	27.48^b	18.52^b	19.45^b	21.22^b	15.68^b	18.76^b	27.18^b	17.52^b	20.44^b
68	p‐cresol	314.18^a	24.90^b	11.36^b	12.37^b	16.79^b	10.30^b	18.68^b	3.72^b	5.50^b	3.67^b	7.45^b	2.42^b
69	p‐isopropenyl toluene	509.32^a	49.59^b	13.40^b	11.52^b	6.88^b	18.51^b	15.21^b	6.45^b	9.62^b	10.36^b	6.42^b	6.28^b
70	p‐menth‐1‐en‐9‐al	105.42^bc	14.29^c	14.87^c	201.43^b	521.96^a	24.87^c	18.58^c	16.45^c	15.97^c	10.10^c	16.64^c	9.22^c
71	phenol	32200^a	169.14^b	57.66^b	52.95^b	17.38^b	54.77^b	141.75^b	17.43^b	15.04^b	10.63^b	20.49^b	6.09^b
72	phenylacetaldehyde	211.39^a	25.86^cd	16.23^d	39.46^bcd	58.85^b	42.46^bc	39.28^bcd	45.12^bc	21.89^cd	21.97^cd	17.04^d	56.01^b
73	phytalic acid	37.09^a	3.38^c	2.87^c	32.63^a	22.51^b	5.42^c	6.80^c	3.42^c	2.79^c	3.55^c	2.61^c	2.64^c
74	propanoic acid	5329.5^a	207.51^b	56.07^b	61.61^b	43.09^b	272.19^b	179.76^b	41.94^b	64.48^b	40.49^b	64.49^b	37.38^b
75	propyl anisol	116.41^a	9.38^cd	24.81^b	15.01^bcd	16.21^bc	7.81^cd	6.48^cd	8.99^cd	9.84^cd	5.63^cd	3.92^d	10.31^cd
76	santene	259.19^a	30.71^b	19.90^b	12.70^b	12.95^b	16.44^b	12.65^b	13.61^b	12.42^b	16.42^b	9.68^b	8.05^b
77	toluene	8161.9^a	515.01^b	244.24^bc	117.79^bc	49.25^bc	43.65^bc	432.70^bc	86.34^bc	80.62^bc	10.18^c	15.93^c	23.08^c

Superscript letters in the row indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).