Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics
| Overall population | No significant reverse remodelling | Incomplete reverse remodelling | Complete reverse remodelling | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 923) | (n = 288) | (n = 414) | (n = 221) | ||
| Age (years) | 65.4 (±10.4) | 65.5 (±10.3) | 65.4 (±10.4) | 65.2 (±10.6) | 0.962 |
| Male sex (%) | 706 (76.5%) | 224 (77.8%) | 329 (79.5%) | 153 (69.2%)† | 0.012 |
| Arterial hypertension (%) | 438 (47.5%) | 132 (45.8%) | 193 (46.6%) | 113 (51.1%) | 0.428 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 195 (21.1%) | 68 (23.6%) | 88 (21.3%) | 39 (17.6%) | 0.262 |
| Dyslipidaemia (%) | 397 (43.0%) | 128 (44.4%) | 185 (44.7%) | 84 (38.0%) | 0.214 |
| Current smoker (%) | 148 (16.0%) | 49 (17.0%) | 73 (17.6%) | 26 (11.8%) | 0.162 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 (±4.2) | 27.0 (±4.3) | 26.4 (±4.2) | 26.2 (±4.1) | 0.121 |
| Ischaemic aetiology (%) | 539 (58.4%) | 194 (67.4%) | 247 (59.7%) | 98 (44.3%)*† | <0.001 |
| QoL score | 29.5 (16.0–45.0) | 33.0 (17.0–48.5) | 26.0 (15.0–42.0)* | 32.0 (18.0–44.5) | 0.030 |
| 6MWT, m | 337.4 (±118.4) | 327.7 (±116.4) | 339.8 (±122.2) | 346.0 (±113.5) | 0.271 |
| NYHA III–IV (%) | 592 (64.1%) | 187 (64.9%) | 258 (62.3%) | 147 (66.5%) | 0.394 |
| Sinus rhythm | 682 (73.9%) | 146 (66.1%) | 303 (73.2%) | 233 (80.9%)* | 0.004 |
| QRS duration (ms) | 154 (±35) | 148 (±34) | 153 (±34) | 164 (±34)*† | <0.001 |
| Beta-blocker (%) | 684 (74.1%) | 214 (74.3%) | 310 (74.9%) | 160 (72.4%) | 0.790 |
| ACE-i/ARB (%) | 821 (88.9%) | 263 (91.3%) | 366 (88.4%) | 192 (86.9%) | 0.255 |
| MRA (%) | 386 (41.8%) | 118 (41.0%) | 185 (44.7%) | 83 (37.6%) | 0.209 |
| Diuretics (%) | 724 (78.4%) | 235 (81.6%) | 329 (79.5%) | 160 (72.4%)* | 0.035 |
| Statin (%) | 575 (62.3%) | 185 (64.2%) | 270 (65.2%) | 120 (54.3%)† | 0.018 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 67.4 (±23.7) | 66.2 (±25.9) | 67.2 (±22.6) | 69.6 (±22.6) | 0.271 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.4 (±1.6) | 13.2 (±1.6) | 13.5 (±1.6) | 13.5(±1.6)* | 0.023 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR), or n (%).
ACE-i, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; MWT, minute walking test; NYHA, New York Heart Association; QoL, quality of life.
*
P < 0.05 vs. no significant reverse remodelling.
†
P < 0.05 vs. incomplete reverse remodelling.