Table 2.
Bridge to Health/ Puente a la Salud participant characteristics
| Total | Navigation only | Navigation + DSMS | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 54) | (n = 56) | ||
| Age in years, M (SD) | 53.3 (12) | 52.9 (12.1) | 53.7 (12.1) |
| Female, n (%) | 77 (70) | 38 (70) | 39 (70) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 40 (36) | 19 (35) | 21 (38) |
| Black/African American | 29 (26) | 16 (30) | 13 (23) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 3 (3) | 1 (2) | 2 (4) |
| Multiple races | 38 (35) | 18 (33) | 20 (36) |
| White | |||
| Primary Language, n (%) | 96 (87) | 46 (85) | 50 (89) |
| English | 14 (13) | 8 (15) | 6 (11) |
| Spanish | |||
| Medical coverage, n (%) | 37 (34) | 18 (33) | 19 (34) |
| Private/commercial | 16 (15) | 8 (15) | 8 (14) |
| Medicare | 44 (40) | 21 (39) | 23 (41) |
| Medicaid | 13 (12) | 7 (13) | 6 (11) |
| Dual Coverage | |||
| Median household income within neighborhood (ACS 2013–2017), M (SD) | 44,844 (13,594) | 44,135 (14,133) | 45,529 (13,144) |
| A1C, M (SD) | 9.9 (1.7) | 9.9 (1.7) | 9.8 (1.6) |
| Diabetes medications, n (%) | 46 (42) | 21 (39) | 25 (45) |
| Oral | 18 (16) | 7 (13) | 11 (20) |
| Insulin | 44 (40) | 24 (44) | 20 (36) |
| Both | 2 (2) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) |
| None | |||
| Number of years with diabetes, M (SD) | 9.0 (7.7) | 9.4 (7.5) | 8.7 (7.9) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), M (SD) | 37.7 (10.6) | 38 (11) | 37 (10) |
| Diagnosis of hypertension, n (%) | 73 (66) | 35 (65) | 38 (68) |
| Diagnosis of dyslipidemia, n (%) | 66 (60) | 35 (65) | 31 (55) |
| Social needs reported, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 12 (11) | 2 (4) | 10 (18) |
| 2 | 27 (25) | 15 (28) | 12 (21) |
| 3 or more | 71 (65) | 37 (69) | 34 (61) |
| Types of social needs, n (%) | |||
| Insufficient housing | 33 (30) | 15 (28) | 18 (32) |
| Financial hardship | 96 (87) | 51 (94) | 45 (80) |
| Food insecurity | 67 (61) | 34 (63) | 33 (59) |
| Lack of transportation | 37 (34) | 18 (33) | 19 (34) |
ACS American Community Survey; DSMS diabetes self-management support.