TABLE 6.

Causal pathway: Better maternal birth experience

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
	Long labor	Assisted birth	Transfusion	Lost consciousness	Vaginal tear	Referral	Any problem
Incentive	−0.005(0.007)	−0.003(0.003)	0.001(0.003)	0.003(0.004)	0.003(0.005)	0.001(0.003)	−0.000(0.009)
HSA dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Controls	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	7285	7285	7285	7285	7285	7285	7285
Control group mean	0.094	0.013	0.012	0.032	0.050	0.015	0.163

Note: The results are from a linear probability model. The row header indicates the dependent variable. From left to right: (1) labor lasted longer than 12 h, (2) a surgical or forceps‐assisted delivery, (3) woman received a blood transfusion, (4) loss of consciousness during the delivery, (5) a traumatic vaginal tear, (6) referral to a higher‐level facility because of complications, and (7) a summary indicator denoting whether the woman had any of these outcomes. Incentive is the treatment assignment dummy. The treatment group was offered a conditional cash incentive of $14 paid out if the pregnant women attended three prenatal visits, gave birth in a health facility and attended a postnatal visit. Controls include age, schooling, ethnicity, indicators for a prior stillbirth or miscarriage, and number of prior births, an indicator for a multiple pregnancy, a dummy for households where the man is the sole decision maker, ownership of household assets, and an indicator for a household electricity connection. Cluster‐robust standard errors in parentheses. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01”.

Abbreviation: HSA, health service area.