. 2021 Aug 9;35(3):583–589. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12936

Table 3.

Pathology results

	Baseline		Week 16
	Gpp	Placebo	Gpp	Placebo	p‐values
Alanine aminotransferase (U L^–1)^a	28.3 (15.7)	31.7 (18.1)	27.4 (11.4)	33.6 (19.2)	0.03^*
Aspartate aminotransferase (U L^–1)^b	27.7 (9.5)	30.7 (13.8)	28.7 (8.4)	31.2 (13.0)	0.24
Gamma‐glutamyl transferase (U L^–1)^a	30.6 (22.8)	28.6 (13.0)	29.6 (22.3)	27.7 (13.5)	0.84
Cholesterol (mmol L^–1)	5.4 (1.0)	5.7 (1.0)	5.4 (1.1)	5.6 (1.0)	0.15
High‐density lipoprotein (mmol L^–1)^a	1.5 (0.4)	1.6 (0.6)	1.58 (0.4)	1.60 (0.6)	0.57
Low‐density lipoprotein (mmol L^–1)	3.1 (0.9)	3.5 (0.9)	3.16 (1.0)	3.37 (1.0)	0.14
Triglycerides (mmol L^–1)^a	1.21 (0.8)	1.42 (0.8)	1.09 (0.5)	1.35 (0.7)	0.02^*
Bilirubin (µmol L^–1)^a	11.3 (4.5)	12.0 (4.5)	13.1 (10.1)	11.7 (4.4)	0.56
Glucose (mmol L^–1)^b	5.4 (1.1)	5.3 (2.7)	5.3 (1.0)	5.3 (0.7)	0.34
Insulin (µU mL^–1)^a	11.3 (7.9)	10.9 (7.0)	10.6 (7.6)	11.9 (8.2)	0.24
Tumour necrosis factor‐α (pg mL^–1)	9.3 (1.5)	9.7 (2.3)	8.2 (1.7)	10.0 (2.2)	0.018^*
Interleukin‐10 (pg mL^–1)	11.7 (7.6)	11.8 (8.8)	10.7 (7.1)	13.2 (7.2)	0.42
Interleukin‐8 (pg mL^–1)	24.1 (26.2)	28.2 (34.6)	23.2 (24.2)	29.5 (37.5)	0.6

Note: Pre‐ and post‐pathology data was available for 56 participants in the Gpp group and 48 in the placebo group.

Abbreviation: Gpp, Gynostemma pentaphyllum.

^{^a}

These variables have a log‐normal distribution and were logN transformed for t test analysis; p values for t tests or Mann–Whitney U tests showing likelihood of difference between groups.

^{^b}

Shapiro–Wilks distribution test found these data to be not normally distributed; tests of significance are performed non‐parametrically.

p < 0.05.