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. 2021 Feb 26;23(3):891–909. doi: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxab002

Table 1.

Simulation results of the proposed MMF and competing methods. Average errors in estimating Inline graphic and Inline graphic are quantified as the Hamming distance between the estimated and true matrices, normalized by the respective total number of elements. The numbers in the parentheses are standard deviations. The smallest errors are in boldface. The competing methods are low rank approximation (LRA), non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF), zero-inflated Poisson factor model (ZIPFM), and two-step multinomial matrix factorization (TSMF)

Inline graphic (2, 0.7) (3, 0.6) (5, 0.5)
Error Inline graphic Error Inline graphic Error Inline graphic Error Inline graphic Error Inline graphic Error Inline graphic
MMF 0.373 0.167 0.171 0.055 0.117 0.057
(0.062) (0.029) (0.022) (0.021) (0.023) (0.028)
LRA 0.298 0.269 0.205 0.185 0.203 0.165
(0.042) (0.023) (0.052) (0.017) (0.058) (0.021)
NNMF 0.351 0.279 0.288 0.247 0.256 0.208
NNMF (0.049) (0.030) (0.062) (0.021) (0.059) (0.014)
ZIPFM 0.425 0.258 0.291 0.249 0.246 0.232
(0.014) (0.031) (0.008) (0.023) (0.002) (0.022)
TSMF 0.382 0.253 0.325 0.132 0.237 0.089
TSMF (0.092) (0.033) (0.057) (0.043) (0.092) (0.018)