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. 2022 Jul 15;14(1):164–183. doi: 10.1080/19382014.2022.2100191

Figure 1.

Bar graphs for relative expression of the NF-κB gene for human and rat islets and adipose-derived stem cells after culturing alone or co-culture in the presence or absence of squalene-gusperimus nanoparticles and/or the cytokine cocktail composed of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α.

NF-κB gene expression in human and rat islets and ASCs. Human or rat pancreatic islets were co-cultured in the presence and absence of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α with ASCs, Sq-GusNPs, or a combination of both. A) NF-κB expression in human islets. B) NF-κB expression in human ASCs. C) NF-κB expression in rat islets. D) NF-κB expression in rat ASCs. Comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA with Dunnet’s multiple comparison test after data transformation using the function Y = Log(Y). Islets (Islets without treatment); Islets + NPs (Islets treated with Sq-GusNPs); ASCs + Islets (Adipose-derived stem cells co-cultured with pancreatic islets); ASCs + Islets + NPs (Adipose-derived stem cells co-cultured with islets and treated with Sq-GusNPs); Islets + Cyt (Islets stimulated with the cytokine mixture); Islets + NPs + Cyt (Islets treated with Sq-GusNPs and stimulated with the cytokine mixture); ASCs + Islets + Cyt (Adipose-derived stem cells co-cultured with islets and stimulated with cytokine cocktail); ASCs + Islets + NPs + Cyt (Adipose-derived stem cells co-cultured with islets, treated with Sq-GusNPs, and stimulated with the cytokine mixture). Data represent mean values ± SEM of five independent experiments. p < .0009 (***); p ≤ .005 (**); p < .05 (*).