Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author, year [ref.] | Country | Blinding, nr. of study centres | Population [type of critical illness] | Nr. of patients; total [beta-blocker/controls] | Follow-up period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ali, A. et al. 2015 [41] | USA | Non-blinded, single-centre | Severe burns [burns covering > 30% of TBSA] | 69 (35/34) | NR |
| Arar, C. et al. 2007 [42] | Turkey | Double-blind, single-centre | Cardiac surgery | 120 (40/40/40) | Before extubation to 1 min after extubation in the ICU |
| Balser, J. R. et al. 1998 [43] | USA | Non-blinded, single-centre | Major non-cardiac surgery | 63 (34/30*) | 12 h |
| Bible, L. E. et al. 2014 [44] | USA | Non-blinded, single-centre | Severe trauma | 45 (25/20) | 30 d or until discharge from the hospital, whichever occurred first |
| Brunner, M. et al. 2000 [45] | Germany | Double-blind, multicenter | Unstable angina pectoris | 116 (59/57) | 48 h |
| Cheema, S. A. et al. 2020 [46] | Pakistan | Non-blinded, single-centre | Burns with 20–40% of TBSA | 70 (35/35) | NR |
| Connolly, S. J. et al. 2003 [47] | Canada | Double-blind, single-centre | Heart surgery | 1000 (500/500) | 14 days or until hospital discharge |
| De Hert, S. G. et al. 1988 [48] | Belgium | Double-blind, single-centre | Postop treatment after neurosugical interventions for traumatic injury | 30 (15/15) | 30 min |
| Er, F. et al. 2016 [49] | Germany | Single-blind, single-centre | STEMI + successful PCI | 101 (50/51) | 6 months |
| Guillory, A. N. Et al. 2017 [50] | USA | Non-blinded, single-centre | Severe burns | 26 (16/10) | NR |
| Hanada, K. et al. 2012 [51] | Japan | Non-blinded, single-centre | AMI patients undergoing primary PCI | 96 (47/49) | 24 h = acute phase + 6 months |
| Kakihana, Y. et al. 2020 [52] | Japan | Non-blinded, multicenter | Sepsis [+tachyarrhythmia] | 151 (76/75) | 28 days |
| Khalili, H. et al. 2020 [23] | USA | Non-blinded, single-centre | Traumatic brain injury | 219 (99/120)** | 8 months; during hospital stay + at 6 months |
| Morelli, A. et al. 2013 [16] | Italy | Single-centre, open-label | Septic shock | 154 (77/77) | 28 d |
| Sakaguchi, M. Et al. 2012 [53] | Japan | Non-blinded, single centre | Cardiac surgery; AF after valve surgery | 60 (30/30) | 72 h |
| Wang, Z. et al. 2015 [21] | China | Non-blinded, single centre | Severe sepsis | 90 (30/30/30) | 28 d |
Explanations:
*1 Subject entered the trial twice, randomized to diltiazem group on both times.
**After randomization formed subgroup of isolated severe TBI without other injuries in which number of patients who received propral: 68 = 44%, and control 86 = 56%
Abbreviations: Ref.: reference number; NR: not reported; TBSA: total body surface area; ICU: intensive care unit; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; AF: atrial fibrillation.