Table 2.

Aims of included trials.

Author & year [ref.]	Aim of study
Ali, A. et al. 2015 [41]	To investigate effects of propranolol on the cardiovascular system, perioperative hemodynamics, and wound healing by decreasing baseline HR by 20%.
Arar, C. et al. 2007 [42]	To compare the effects of esmolol and Mg on hemodynamic response in the pre-extubation period in the ICU following CABG surgery.
Balser, J. R. et al. 1998 [43]	To evaluate wheather β-blockade is better in conversion of SVT than calcium channel blockers in postoperative patients with SVT (FA, flutter or other atrial tachyarrhythmias).
Bible, L. E. et al. 2014 [44]	To investigate whether propranolol would prevent bone marrow dysfunction in humans following severe injury when administered after the injury.
Brunner, M. et al. 2000 [45]	To investigate the safety and efficacy of oral carvedilol in unstable angina in addition to standardised treatment.
Cheema, S. A. et al. 2020 [46]	To compare the mean duration of wound healing and attenuation of muscle wasting in adult burn patients with propranolol and control group.
Connolly, S. J. et al. 2003 [47]	Whether treatment with p.o. metoprolol immediately after heart surgery reduces hospital length of stay and costs.
De Hert, S. G. et al. 1988 [48]	To investigate the influence of labetalol on arterial blood gas data, pulmonary hemodynamics and pulmonary shunting in patients with neurosurgical treatment for traumatic injury.
Er, F. et al. 2016 [49]	To evaluate the role of esmolol-induced tight sympathetic control in STEMI patients with successful PCI.
Guillory, A. N. et al. 2017 [50]	To determine the appropriate propranolol kinetics and dosing strategy for reducing HR in severely burned adults receiving propranolol every 6 h, every 8 h, and once daily.
Hanada, K. et al. 2012 [51]	To examine the efficacy and safety of early i.v. administration of landiolol in patients with AMI undergoing primary PCI.
Kakihana, Y. et al. 2020 [52]	To investigate the effects of landiolol on HR, mortality, and safety in patients with sepsis related tachyarrhythmias, incl. FA, atrial flutter, and sinus tachycardia, compared with patients who received conventional therapy.
Khalili, H. et al. 2020 [23]	To examine the effects of β-blockers on survival and functional outcomes in TBI patients.
Morelli, A. et al. 2013 [16]	To investigate the effects of the short-acting β-blocker esmolol in patients with severe septic shock (HR and measured subsequent effects on systemic hemodynamics, organ function, adverse events, and 28-day mortality).
Sakaguchi, M. et al. 2012 [53]	To examine the effects of landiolol hydrochloride on prevention of AF and on hemodynamics in the acute postoperative phase after heart valve surgery.
Wang, Z. et al. 2015 [21]	To assess the effects of esmolol combined with milrinone in patients with severe sepsis.

Abbreviations: ref.: reference number; HR: heart rate; Mg: magnesium; ICU: intensive care unit: CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; SVT: supraventricular tachycardia; FA: atrial fibrillation; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; i.v.: intravenous; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; TBI: traumatic brain injury.