TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics in TB patients with or without DM
| Parameters | TB DM (N = 312) | TB Non‐DM (N = 1105) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic features | |||
| Male (%) | 251 (80.4) | 758 (68.6) | <.001 |
| Age (SD) | 54.2 (12.4) | 45.5 (19.1) | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (SD) | 21.9 (3.8) | 19.7 (3.3) | <.001 |
| Smoking | |||
| Non‐smoker (%) | 178 (57.2) | 679 (61.4) | .1661 |
| Ever‐smoker (%) | 134 (42.9) | 427 (38.6) | |
| History of long‐term heavy drinking | |||
| Never (%) | 220 (70.7) | 835 (75.9) | .0638 |
| Ever (%) | 91 (29.3) | 265 (24.1) | |
| Symptoms and signs | |||
| Fever (%) | 139 (44.6) | 480 (43.6) | .755 |
| Night sweats (%) | 101 (32.4) | 345 (31.3) | .721 |
| Fatigue (%) | 182 (58.3) | 524 (47.5) | .001 |
| Cough (%) | 291 (93.3) | 1037 (94.0) | .63 |
| Haemoptysis (%) | 55 (17.6) | 185 (16.8) | .727 |
| Chest pain (%) | 29 (9.3) | 154 (14.0) | .028 |
| Dyspnea (%) | 52 (16.7) | 192 (17.4) | .755 |
| Weight loss (%) | 101 (32.4) | 346 (31.4) | .744 |
| Loss of weight (kg) (SD) | 8.21 (6.2) | 5.74 (4.0) | <.001 |
| TB severity score (SD) | 2.79 (1.3) | 2.65 (1.3) | .098 |
| TB severity score >3 (%) | 178 (57.2) | 559 (50.7) | .045 |
| Laboratory tests | |||
| Anaemia a | |||
| Mild (%) | 96 (88.9) | 337 (77.6) | .021 |
| Moderate (%) | 11 (10.2) | 95 (21.9) | |
| Severe (%) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.5) | |
| ALT | |||
| <40 IU/L (%) | 270 (98.5) | 908 (98.2) | .911 |
| 120‐200 IU/L (%) | 2 (0.7) | 8 (0.9) | |
| >200 IU/L (%) | 2 (0.7) | 9 (1.0) | |
| AST | |||
| <40 IU/L (%) | 279 (98.9) | 933 (98.6) | .919 |
| 120‐200 IU/L (%) | 2 (0.7) | 9 (1.0) | |
| >200 IU/L (%) | 1 (0.4) | 4 (0.4) | |
| Uric acid | |||
| Normal (%) | 276 (89.3) | 905 (82.6) | .005 |
| Elevated b (%) | 33 (10.7) | 191 (17.4) | |
Abbreviations: ALT, glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase; AST, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; SD, standard deviation; TB, tuberculosis.
a
Mild anaemia refers to haemoglobin between 90 g/L and 120 g/L for male, and between 90 g/L and 110 g/L for female, respectively; moderate anaemia refers to haemoglobin between 60 and 89 g/L; severe anaemia refers to haemoglobin between 30 and 60 g/L.
b
Elevation refers to serum uric acid >420 µmol/L in male and >360 µmol/L in female.