TABLE 3.
Results for the moderator analyses on blood pressure
| Moderator | N samples | N ES | B 0 (95% CI) | t 0 | B 1 (95% CI) | t 1 | F (df1, df2) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention characteristics | ||||||||
| Component mindfulness | F (1, 82) = 46.824 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes (RC) | 6 | 52 | 0.859 (0.489 to 1.230) | 4.619*** | ||||
| No | 10 | 32 | −0.335 (−0.663 to 0.008) | −2.038* | −1.195 (−1.542 to 0.848) | −6.843*** | ||
| Component relaxation | F (1, 82) = 44.734 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes (RC) | 11 | 66 | 0.531 (0.151 to 0.911) | 2.778** | ||||
| No | 5 | 18 | −0.702 (−1.134 to 0.269) | −3.227** | −1.233 (−1.599 to 0.866) | −6.693*** | ||
| Component yoga | F (1, 82) = 8.617 | 0.004 | ||||||
| Yes (RC) | 3 | 14 | −0.271 (−0.602 to 0.061) | −1.623 | 2.936** | |||
| No | 13 | 70 | 0.254 (0.125 to 0.383) | 3.925*** | 0.525 (0.169 to 0.881) | |||
| Component cognitive‐behavioural | F (1, 82) = 44.734 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes (RC) | 8 | 36 | −0.463 (−0.866 to 0.060) | −2.285* | ||||
| No | 8 | 48 | 0.757 (0.344 to 1.170) | 3.647*** | 1.220 (0.857 to 1.583) | 6.688*** | ||
| Intensity (continuous) | 16 | 84 | 0.209 (−0.211 to 0.629) | 0.989 | 0.001 (0.001 to 0.001) | 6.322*** | F (1, 82) = 39.972 | <0.001 |
| Sample characteristics | ||||||||
| Target group | F (1, 82) = 0.862 | 0.356 | ||||||
| Selected (RC) | 5 | 36 | 0.252 (0.041 to 0.463) | 2.372* | ||||
| Non‐selected | 11 | 48 | 0.124 (−0.050 to 0.298) | 1.414 | −0.128 (−0.402 to 0.146) | −0.928 | ||
| % Boys (continuous) | 15 | 80 | 0.180 (0.035 to 0.324) | 2.467* | −0.002 (−0.010 to 0.006) | −0.409 | F (1, 78) = 0.167 | 0.684 |
| % Minorities (continuous) | 12 | 74 | 0.190 (0.052 to 0.327) | 2.754** | 0.005 (−0.000 to 0.011) | 1.838 | F (1, 72) = 3.379 | 0.070 |
| Mean age (continuous) | 16 | 84 | 0.180 (0.057 to 0.304) | 2.906** | 0.063 (−0.002 to 0.128) | 1.916 | F (1, 82) = 3.672 | 0.059 |
| Study characteristics | ||||||||
| Type of BP measurement | F (1, 82) = 1.186 | 0.279 | ||||||
| SBP (RC) | 16 | 42 | 0.241 (0.056 to 0.425) | 2.591* | ||||
| DBP | 16 | 42 | 0.106 (−0.079 to 0.290) | 1.138 | −0.135 (−0.381 to 0.112) | −1.089 | ||
| Stress outcome measure | F (1, 81) = 2.042 | 0.136 | ||||||
| Basal functioning (RC) | 12 | 28 | 0.132 (−0.082 to 0.346) | 1.227 | ||||
| Ambulatory monitoring | 5 | 42 | 0.286 (0.116 to 0.455) | 3.354** | 0.154 (−0.119 to 0.427) | 1.120 | ||
| Stress reactivity | 3 | 14 | −0.076 (−0.407 to 0.256) | −0.453 | −0.208 (−0.602 to 0.187) | −1.046 | ||
| Publication year (continuous) | 16 | 84 | 0.169 (0.026 to 0.313) | 2.346* | −0.001 (−0.017 to 0.015) | −0.121 | F (1, 82) = 0.015 | 0.904 |
| Study design | F (1, 82) = 5.488 | 0.022 | ||||||
| (Cluster) RCT (RC) | 14 | 80 | 0.212 (0.082–0.342) | 3.235** | ||||
| Quasi‐experimental | 2 | 4 | −0.521 (−1.130 to 0.088) | −1.703 | −0.733 (−1.356 to 0.111) | −2.343* | ||
| Comparison condition | F (1, 82) = 0.986 | 0.324 | ||||||
| Passive control (RC) | 6 | 16 | 0.048 (−0.240 to 0.336) | 0.333 | ||||
| Active control | 10 | 68 | 0.211 (0.058 to 0.364) | 2.743** | 0.163 (−0.163 to 0.489) | 0.993 | ||
| Timing of outcome measurement | F (1, 82) = 0.605 | 0.439 | ||||||
| Post‐intervention | 10 | 58 | 0.198 (0.032 to 0.364) | 2.371* | ||||
| Follow‐up | 6 | 22 | 0.085 (−0.169 to 0.340) | 0.667 | −0.112 (−0.400 to 0.175) | −0.778 | ||
| Study quality (continuous) | 16 | 84 | 0.176 (0.036 to 0.316) | 2.505* | 0.022 (−0.033 to 0.077) | 0.801 | F (1, 82) = 0.642 | 0.425 |
Abbreviations: B 0, mean effect size Cohen's d; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; B 1, estimated regression coefficient; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; F‐value, omnibus test of regression coefficients; N ES, number of effect sizes; N samples, number of independent samples; p, p‐value of omnibus test; RC, reference category; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SBP, systolic blood pressure; t‐values, difference in mean d with zero
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.