TABLE 4.

Implications of production and health care costs

Metric	Additional costs scenario	Cost savings scenario
Effects of treatment per patient
Health gains, QALYs	0.70	0.30
Production or health system costs, £	3000	−3000
Health implications of production/health system costs or savings, QALYs	−0.20	0.20
Net health effects per treated patient, patent period
Total potential net health effects, QALYs	0.50	0.50
Realized population net health effects, QALYs	−0.70	−0.30
Health foregone due to payments to manufacturer, QALYs	1.20	0.80
Net health effects per treated patient, post‐patent period
Total potential net health effects, QALYs	0.50	0.50
Realized population net health effects, QALYs	0.50	0.50
Health foregone due to payments to manufacturer, QALYs	0.00	0.00

Note: Results for numeric example (λ = 30,000/QALY, k = £15,000/QALY).

Abbreviations: k, measure of health opportunity cost; λ, approval norm; QALY, quality‐adjusted life year.