TABLE 3.
Cox Regression Analysis of Early EEG Parameters Associated with Time to Post‐Stroke Epilepsy Following Acute Ischemic Stroke
| Predictors | A: Univariable | B: Multivariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p value | aHR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age at stroke | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.566 | ||
| Sex (male) | 1.14 (0.67–1.93 | 0.625 | ||
| NIHSS at admission | ||||
| 0‐3 | 0.36 (0.2–0.66) | 0.001 | 0.55 (0.25–1.21) | 0.140 |
| 4–10 | 0.93 (0.53–1.63) | 0.807 | ||
| ≥11 | 3.37 (1.99–5.70) | <0.001 | 1.27 (0.65–242) | 0.460 |
| Stroke etiology | ||||
| Large‐artery atherosclerosis | 2.78 (1.62–4.78) | 0.002 | 1.62 (0.90—2.90) | 0.104 |
| Small‐vessel occlusion | 0.55 (0.28–1.10) | 0.093 | ||
| Cardioembolic | 0.63 (0.33–1.23) | 0.182 | ||
| Stroke location | ||||
| Middle cerebral artery | 2.22 (1.05–4.90) | 0.05 | 1.00 (0.39–2.43) | 0.969 |
| Anterior cerebral artery | 0.96 (0.13–7.08) | 0.96 | ||
| Posterior cerebral artery | 1.66 (0.63–4.39) | 0.303 | ||
| Cortical involvement | 2.15 (1.21–3.84) | 0.008 | 2.00 (1.10–3.63) | 0.022 |
| Early ASM treatment | 12.72 (7.55–21.43) | <0.001 | 10.47 (5.63–19.47) | <0.001 |
| Early EEG findings | ||||
| Abnormal | 2.36 (1.18–4.68) | 0.014 | 2.09 (0.90–4.82) | 0.084 |
| Diffuse slow | 2.96 (1.61–5.44) | <0.001 | 1.26 (0.65–2.43) | 0.487 |
| Focal slow | 1.79 (1.05–3.05) | 0.03 | 0.56 (0.30–1.32) | 0.110 |
| Interictal epileptiform discharges | 0.87 (0.21–3.60) | 0.855 | ||
| Lateralized periodic discharges | 1.76 (0.63–4.95) | 0.278 | ||
| Early seizure on EEG | 11.11 (4.42–27.93) | <0.001 | 2.01 (0.72–5.58) | 0.177 |
| Status epilepticus on EEG | 2.62 (0.36–19.00) | 0.34 | ||
N = 673.
aHR = adjusted hazard ratio; ASM = anti‐seizure medication; CI = confidence interval; EEG = electroencephalogram; HR = hazard ratio; NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.