TABLE 3.
Relationship between chatters’ post‐chat perceptions of chat's effectiveness and their pre‐chat characteristics and feedback about their Counselors (N = 12,957 a )
| Post‐chat perceptions of effectiveness | “Now that you have finished your chat session, how upset are you?” | “Did you find this chat service helpful?” | “After the conversation how do you feel?” | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hopeful? | Depressed? | Overwhelmed? | Suicidal?b | |||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Pre‐chat characteristics | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Male | 1.29 * (1.20, 1.39) | 0.85* (0.77, 0.93) | 0.90* (0.83, 0.97) | 1.09 (1.00, 1.18) | 1.17* (1.07, 1.28) | 1.23* (1.12, 1.34) |
| Transgender | 1.20 (1.01, 1.44) | 0.81 (0.65, 1.00) | 0.81 (0.66, 0.99) | 1.19 (0.99, 1.44) | 1.09 (0.90, 1.31) | 1.13 (0.92, 1.39) |
| Questioning | 1.03 (0.85, 1.25) | 1.03 (0.80, 1.32) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.16) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.29) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.29) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.30) |
| Genderqueer | 1.18 (0.92, 1.53) | 0.77 (0.57, 1.05) | 0.93 (0.72, 1.21) | 1.16 (0.87, 1.55) | 0.86 (0.65, 1.13) | 1.10 (0.81, 1.49) |
| Other | 1.46 * (1.11, 1.91) | 0.63 * (0.46, 0.86) | 0.64* (0.48, 0.85) | 1.59 * (1.19, 2.11) | 1.47* (1.11, 1.95) | 1.67 * (1.22, 2.27) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| ≤17 (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 18–24 | 1.21* (1.12,1.30) | 0.79* (0.73, 0.87) | 0.81* (0.74, 0.87) | 1.15* (1.07, 1.24) | 1.10* (1.02, 1.19) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.08) |
| 25–34 | 1.66 * (1.51, 1.82) | 0.63 * (0.56, 0.70) | 0.62 * (0.56, 0.69) | 1.58 * (1.42, 1.75) | 1.50* (1.35, 1.68) | 1.30* (1.16, 1.45) |
| ≥35 | 2.32 * (2.06, 2.62) | 0.48 * (0.41, 0.55) | 0.48 * (0.42, 0.55) | 2.17 * (1.87, 2.53) | 2.20 * (1.92, 2.51) | 1.86 * (1.60, 2.17) |
| Main concerns | ||||||
| Depression (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Non‐suicidal self‐harm | 1.15* (1.02, 1.29) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) | 0.84* (0.73, 0.95) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.28) | 1.14 (1.01, 1.30) | 1.45* (1.27, 1.67) |
| Anxiety | 0.82* (0.73, 0.92) | 1.15 (1.00, 1.34) | 1.24* (1.08, 1.41) | 0.73* (0.65, 0.83) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.10) | 0.75* (0.64, 0.88) |
| Family issues | 0.75 * (0.66, 0.86) | 1.14 (0.97, 1.33) | 1.21* (1.06, 1.38) | 0.73* (0.63, 0.83) | 0.92 (0.81, 1.05) | 0.76* (0.65, 0.90) |
| Relationship Issues | 1.18* (1.02, 1.36) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.05) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.10) | 0.88 (0.75, 1.02) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.13) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.24) |
| Bullying/Problems in school | 0.82 (0.65, 1.03) | 1.17 (0.89, 1.54) | 1.39* (1.09, 1.78) | 0.65* (0.51, 0.82) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.16) | 0.93 (0.71, 1.22) |
| Physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse | 1.54 * (1.24, 1.93) | 0.81 (0.63, 1.05) | 0.82 (0.64, 1.07) | 1.19 (0.94, 1.50) | 1.52* (1.18, 1.96) | 1.47* (1.14 1.91) |
| Financial issues | 1.29 (0.95, 1.75) | 0.72 (0.50, 1.03) | 0.81 (0.58, 1.12) | 1.06 (0.77, 1.45) | 1.56* (1.15, 2.14) | 1.22 (0.87, 1.73) |
| Eating disorder | 1.03 (0.75, 1.41) | 0.88 (0.59, 1.31) | 1.14 (0.80, 1.64) | 1.07 (0.76, 1.52) | 1.31 (0.94, 1.84) | 1.72 * (1.13, 2.62) |
| Physical health | 1.87 * (1.26, 2.77) | 0.51 * (0.33, 0.80) | 0.66 (0.44, 0.98) | 1.53 (1.00, 2.34) | 1.57 (0.99, 2.49) | 2.04 * (1.16, 3.59) |
| Sexuality | 0.57 * (0.37, 0.86) | 1.34 (0.77, 2.31) | 1.45 (0.95, 2.20) | 0.61 * (0.38, 0.97) | 0.64 (0.41, 1.00) | 0.79 (0.42, 1.49) |
| Addictions | 1.38 (0.84, 2.28) | 0.44 * (0.25, 0.77) | 0.65 (0.39, 1.09) | 1.43 (0.86, 2.38) | 2.16 * (1.27, 3.67) | 1.51 (0.82, 2.78) |
| Suicidal thoughts | ||||||
| No (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | N/A |
| Current | 1.71 * (1.56, 1.87) | 0.85* (0.76, 0.96) | 0.73* (0.66, 0.81) | 1.79 * (1.62, 1.98) | 1.21* (1.09, 1.34) | 1.52* (1.40, 1.64) |
| Recent (within past few days) | 1.11 (1.00, 1.22) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.18) | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) | 1.41* (1.26, 1.57) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.18) | – |
| Chatter's perceptions of engagement with counselor | ||||||
| I feel my chat counselor was genuinely concerned for my well‐being | ||||||
| Disagree (reference c ) | ‐– | – | – | – | – | – |
| Agree (n = 8666) | 0.06 * (0.05, 0.06) | 45.65 * (40.05, 52.04) | 15.66 * (14.06, 17.44) | 0.07 * (0.06, 0.08) | 0.09 * (0.08, 0.10) | 0.07 * (0.06, 0.08) |
| I feel my chat counselor understood me | ||||||
| Disagree (reference c ) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Agree | 0.06 * (0.05, 0.06) | 50.45 * (43.15, 58.99) | 15.77 * (14.34, 17.35) | 0.07 * (0.06, 0.07) | 0.09 * (0.09, 0.10) | 0.07 * (0.06, 0.08) |
| Did you and your chat counselor agree on any plans for after the call (like things you can do or someone you can contact)? | ||||||
| No (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 0.12 * (0.11, 0.13) | 22.12 * (19.53, 25.06) | 8.28 * (7.63, 8.99) | 0.15 * (0.13, 0.16) | 0.16 * (0.15, 0.18) | 0.13 * (0.12, 0.14) |
a
N is smaller than total sample of chatters with post‐chat survey because of missing values.
b
Analysis of suicidal outcome only includes 10,922 chatters who endorsed current or recent suicidal thoughts on the pre‐chat survey.
c
4‐point scale was dichotomized for analysis.
*
Odds ratio was significant at p < .05 after applying the Benjamini–Hochberg method for multiple testing.
Bolded values denote statistically significant associations with a 25% change in the odds for 5‐point Likert scale variables and 50% change for 3‐point Likert scale and binary variables.