Table 2. Final stepwise regression models on the PHQ scores.
| Coefficient | Modell | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Standardized Beta | T | p | R | R2corr |
| PHQ-9 Depression | |||||
| Overall level of pandemic stress | 0.243 | 7.138 | <0.001 | ||
| Suffering from mental health problems before the pandemic | 0.169 | 5.693 | <0.001 | ||
| ERQ: reappraisal sum score | -0.154 | -6.855 | <0.001 | ||
| Developed mental health problems due to pandemic: yes | 0.145 | 6.181 | <0.001 | ||
| Mental-health problems before pandemic: Depressive Disorder | 0.140 | 5.306 | <0.001 | ||
| Found work meaningful or relevant during the pandemic | -0.099 | -4.135 | <0.001 | ||
| ERQ: suppression sum score | 0.109 | 4.884 | <0.001 | ||
| Age | -0.101 | -4.366 | <0.001 | ||
| Impression that social relationships have suffered long-term damage | 0.116 | 4.365 | <0.001 | ||
| Relationship status: married | -0.065 | -2.818 | 0.005 | ||
| Mental-health problems before pandemic: depressiveness | 0.088 | 3.786 | <0.001 | ||
| Relationship status: separated | 0.069 | 3.090 | 0.002 | ||
| Mental health problems have changed since the pandemic* | -0.081 | -2.834 | 0.005 | ||
| Worried about financial situation | 0.132 | 3.820 | <0.001 | ||
| Financial losses due to the pandemic | -0.090 | -2.798 | 0.005 | ||
| Verified COVID-19 illness: yes | 0.058 | 2.630 | 0.009 | ||
| Mental-health problems before pandemic: multiple problems | 0.065 | 2.591 | 0.010 | ||
| 0.639 | 0.401 | ||||
| PHQ GAD-7 | |||||
| Overall level of pandemic stress | 0.356 | 11.515 | <0.001 | ||
| Suffering from mental health problems before the pandemic | 0.197 | 8.245 | <0.001 | ||
| Developed mental health problems due to pandemic: no | -0.113 | -3.265 | 0.001 | ||
| ERQ: reappraisal sum score | -0.176 | -7.536 | <0.001 | ||
| Age | -0.117 | -5.053 | <0.001 | ||
| Mental-health problems before pandemic: multiple problems | 0.096 | 4.078 | <0.001 | ||
| Developed mental health problems due to pandemic: yes | 0.126 | 3.655 | <0.001 | ||
| Burden felt at work because of the pandemic | -0.091 | -3.050 | 0.002 | ||
| 0.586 | 0.339 | ||||
| PHQ-15 Somatoform | |||||
| Overall level of pandemic stress | 0.341 | 11.717 | <0.001 | ||
| Suffering from mental health problems before the pandemic | 0.140 | 5.530 | <0.001 | ||
| Had to work from home | -0.081 | -3.188 | 0.001 | ||
| Developed mental health problems due to pandemic: yes | 0.112 | 4.514 | <0.001 | ||
| Worried about not getting adequate medical care for other conditions | 0.108 | 3.987 | <0.001 | ||
| Occupational status: self-employed | -0.080 | -3.332 | <0.001 | ||
| Sex: male | -0.100 | -4.100 | <0.001 | ||
| Mental-health problems before pandemic: Depressive Disorder | 0.084 | 3.355 | <0.001 | ||
| Education: PhD | -0.096 | -3.905 | <0.001 | ||
| Worried about having Covid-19, but no test was done or not done in time: no, not worried | -0.071 | -2.973 | 0.003 | ||
| Education: university degree | -0.068 | -2.691 | 0.007 | ||
| ERQ: suppression sum score | 0.064 | 2.620 | 0.009 | ||
| 0.555 | 0.308 | ||||
Total n = 1261.
PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression scale; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7; PHQ-15: Patient Health Questionnaire-15 somatic symptom scale; ERQ: Emotion Regulation Questionnaire.
*Change to the worse coded with lower numbers and change to the better coded with higher numbers, i.e. subjective change to the worse predicted elevated PHQ-9 scores.