Table 2. Details of intervention.
| Trials | Intervention | Acupoints selection | Starting intervention | Frequency | Response sought | Retention time | Stimulus parameter |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xu 2020 [33] | EA | ST36, SP6, PC6, CV12 | Postoperative 6h | 2/d | DS | 20 min | Dilatational wave, 2Hz |
| Gu 2019 [35] | TEAS | ST36 and PC6 | 1.30 min before anesthetic induction 2. Postoperative day 1 |
3/d | DS | 1.60 min 2.30 min |
5−30 mA |
| Pu 2019 [34] | EA | PC6, SP4, ST37, ST36 | Postoperative day 1 | 1/d | DS | 30 min | Discontinuous wave, 2 Hz, 1−10 mA |
| Chen 2018 [36] | TEAS | ST36 and PC6 | Postoperative day 1 | 2/d | NA | 60 min | ST36: 2 s on, 3 s off, 25 Hz, 0.5 ms, 2−6 mA; PC6: 0.1 s on, 0.4 s off, 100 Hz, 0.25ms, 2−6 mA. |
| Kang 2017 [39] | EA | ST36 | Postoperative day 1 | 1/d | NA | 30 min | Continuous wave |
| Jung 2017 [40] | EA | ST36, SP6, LI4, SJ6, LV3, LI11 GV20†, EX-HN3†, GV26†, CV24† |
Postoperative day 1 | 1/d | NA | 25−30 min | ST36, SP6, LI4, TE6:100 Hz |
| Yuan 2017 [37] | TEAS | PC6, LI4, ST36 | 1. Preoperative 30 min 2. Postoperation |
1/d | NA | 30min | NA |
| Qian 2017 [38] | MA | ST36, ST37, ST39 | Postoperative day 1 | 1/d | DS | 20 min | NA |
| Zhang 2014 [41] | EA | ST36 | Postoperative 30 min | 1/d | DS | 30 min | 2 Hz, 0.16 ms |
| Xiao 2014 [42] | EA | ST36, ST37 | Postoperative day 1 | 1/d | DS | 20 min | Dilatational wave |
| Tong 2014 [43] | MA | ST36, SP6, ST37, SP4 | Postoperative 2 h | 1/d | DS | 30min | NA |
| Wang 2013 [44] | MA | CV12†, CV10†, CV6†, CV4†; ST25, SP15, ST26, Xiafengshidian |
Postoperation | 1/d | NA | 30 min | NA |
| Ng 2013 [45] | EA | ST36, SP6, LI4, SJ6 | Postoperative day 1 | 1/d | DS | 20 min | 100 Hz |
| Shi 2012 [46] | EA | ST36, ST37, ST39 | Postoperative 6 h | 2/d | NA | 30 min | Dilatational wave 4 Hz/20 Hz |
| Yang 2011 [47] | EA | ST36, ST37, ST39 | Postoperative day 1 | 1/d | DS | 30 min | Continuous wave |
| Wang 2011 [48] | MA | PC6, SP4, ST37, ST36 | Postoperative 24h | 1/d | DS | 30 min | NA |
| Meng 2010 [50] | EA | SJ6, GB34, ST36, ST37 | Postoperative day 1 | 1/d | NA | 20 min | SJ6, GB34: Continuous wave, 2 Hz |
| Garcia 2008 [49] | EA | LI4, SP6, ST36, ST25, CV6†, CV12† | Postoperative day 1 | 2/d | DS | 20 min | LI 4 (positive) to ST 36 (negative), 50 Hz, 16 mA |
†unilaterally
Abbreviations: MA, manual acupuncture; EA, electroacupuncture; TEAS, transcutaneous electroacupuncture stimulation; ST36, zusanli acupoint; SP6, sanyinjiao acupoint; PC6, neiguan acupoint; CV12, zhongwan acupoint; SP4, gongsun acupoint; ST37, shangjuxu acupoint; LI4, hegu acupoint; SJ6, zhigou acupoint; LV3, taichong acupoint; LI11, quchi acupoint; GV20, baihui acupoint; EX-HN3, yintang acupoint; GV26, shuigou acupoint; CV24, chengjiang acupoint; ST39, xiajuxu acupoint; CV10, xiawan acupoint; CV6, qihai acupoint; CV4, guanyuan acupoint; ST25, tianshu acupoint; SP15, daheng acupoint; ST26, wailing acupoint; GB34, yanglingquan acupoint; DS, de qi sensation, the achievement of a radiating sensation with paresthesia was indicative of effective needling; NA, not available.