Skip to main content
. 2022 Jul 18;17(7):e0270121. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270121

Fig 2. Effect sizes.

Fig 2

Effect sizes are expressed as the standardized regression coefficients with 95% CI. Causal Effect Sizes: Motor control (SCALE and Walk-DMC) has the largest effects on GMFM-66, followed closely by Strength. Spasticity has a modest total effect, and a substantial decrease from total to direct effect size, suggesting its action is mediated by other factors. Ankle Dorsiflexion and Hip Extension contractures have effect sizes similar to Spasticity. Other orthopedic impairments do not meaningfully influence GMFM-66. Note that due to the hypothesized causal model structure, the direct and total effects of GDI are equal. Bivariate Effect Sizes: Comparison of causal effect sizes to bivariate shows the impact that causal modeling has on the estimated importance of clinical factors. The most obvious difference is one of magnitude–where bivariate effect sizes significantly overestimate the influence of each factor.