Table 1. Redox Potentials and Lifetime of Selected Visible-Light Photocatalysts.
| photocatalysta | Eox (V)b | Ered (V)b | E00 (eV)c | E*ox (V)d | E*red (V)d | λmax (nm)e | τ (μs)e | refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [Ru(bpy)3]2+ | +0.88 | –1.74 | 1.99 | –1.11 | +0.25 | 615 | 1.10 | (42), (52) |
| fac-Ir(ppy)3 | +0.36 | –2.60 | 2.28 | –1.92 | +0.32 | 531 | 1.90 | (53), (54) |
| [Ir(ppy)2(bpy)]+ | +0.87 | –1.78 | 2.00 | –1.13 | +0.22 | 602 | 0.28 | (55) |
| [Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)]+ | +0.91 | –1.80 | 2.05 | –1.14 | +0.25 | 591 | 0.39 | (55) |
| [Ir(fppy)2(dtbbpy)]+ | +1.02 | –1.84 | 2.19 | –1.17 | +0.35 | 552 | 1.06 | (56) |
| [Ir(dfppy)2(dtbbpy)]+ | +1.10 | –1.87 | 2.32 | –1.22 | +0.45 | 519 | 1.35 | (57) |
| [Ir(df(CF3)ppy)2(dtbbpy)]+ | +1.31 | –1.73 | 2.47 | –1.16 | +0.74 | 470 | 2.30 | (58), (59) |
| [Acr+–Mes] | +1.65 | –0.98 | 2.36 | –0.71 | +1.38 | 501 | 0.004 | (51) |
| Eosin Y | +0.37 | –1.47 | 2.19 | –1.82 | +0.72 | 556 | 0.004 | (60−62) |
| PXX | +0.37 | –2.56 | 2.62 | –2.25 | +0.06 | 447 | 0.005 | (63) |
| 4CzIPN | +1.11 | –1.62 | 2.28 | –1.17 | +0.66 | 539 | 0.013 | (64, 65) |
| NT | +1.34 | –2.15 | 2.87 | –1.53 | +0.72 | 421 | 0.001 | (66) |
| [Ir(ppy)2(b-trz)]− | +0.52 | –2.64 | 2.37 | –1.85 | –0.27 | 498 | 2.09 | (2) |
| [Ir(dfppy)2(b-trz)]− | +0.85 | –2.51 | 2.50 | –1.65 | –0.01 | 467 | 2.27 | (2) |
| [Ir(ptrz)2(bpy)]+ | +1.16 | –1.79 | 2.21 | –1.05 | +0.42 | 545 | 1.22 | (37) |
| [Ir(ptrz)2(dtbbpy)]+ | +1.14 | –1.87 | 2.29 | –1.15 | +0.42 | 530 | 1.18 | (37) |
| [Ir(ptrz)2(phen)]+ | +1.18 | –1.77 | 2.24 | –1.06 | +0.47 | 540 | 1.67 | (37) |
| [Ir(dfptrz)2(bpy)]+ | +1.45 | –1.73 | 2.49 | –1.04 | +0.76 | 448 | 4.11 | (4) |
| [Ir(dfptrz)2(dtbbpy)]+ | +1.43 | –1.82 | 2.50 | –1.07 | +0.68 | 448 | 4.90 | (4) |
| [Ir(dfptrz)2(phen)]+ | +1.45 | –1.73 | 2.54 | –1.09 | +0.81 | 460 | 43.8 | (4) |
a
dtbbpy = 4,4-di-tert-butyl-2,2-bipyridine; fppy = 2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridinate; df(CF3)ppy = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyridinate; [Acr+-Mes] = 9-(2-mesityl)-10-methylacridinium perchlorate; Eosin Y = 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromofluorescein; PXX = peri-xanthenoxanthene; 4CzIPN = 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene; NT = 7-phenyl-6H-naphtho[2,3-c]chromen-6-one.
b
Relative to Fc+/Fc, in acetonitrile (in some cases, adapted from the original works, according to VFc+/Fc = VSCE – 0.41).
c
Energy gap between the ground and excited states in acetonitrile, with an estimated error of ±0.1 eV.
e
Oxygen-free acetonitrile solutions, 298 K.