TABLE 5.

Cross‐sectional relationships of Diet Habits Questionnaire scores and meat and dairy consumption with depression risk at 2.5‐year review

	n/N (%)	aPR1	aPR2
DHQ score a
32–70	74/335 (22.1)	1.00 [Reference]	1.00 [Reference]
>70–80	51/320 (15.9)	0.72 (0.51, 1.03)	0.83 (0.57, 1.21)
>80–89	46/349 (13.2)	0.62 (0.43, 0.90)	0.85 (0.58, 1.25)
>89–100	19/303 (6.3)	0.30 (0.18, 0.49)	0.52 (0.31, 0.87)
Trend		p < 0.001	p = 0.024
Consume meat? b
No	53/505 (10.5)	1.00 [Reference]	1.00 [Reference]
Yes	137/803 (17.1)	1.57 (1.14, 2.16)	1.20 (0.86, 1.66)
		p = 0.005	p = 0.28
Consume dairy? c
No	58/551 (10.5)	1.00 [Reference]	1.00 [Reference]
Yes	131/753 (17.4)	1.61 (1.18, 2.20)	1.24 (0.90, 1.71)
		p = 0.002	p = 0.19

Analyses by log‐binomial regression.

Model 1 adjusted for ongoing symptoms due to recent relapse. Model 2 further adjusted for age, sex, multiple sclerosis (MS) phenotype, P‐MSSS, clinically significant fatigue, and prescription antidepressant medication.

Results in boldface denote statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Abbreviations: aPR, adjusted prevalence ratio; DHQ, Diet Habits Questionnaire; P‐MSSS, Patient‐determined MS Severity Score.

^a Analyses for DHQ score vs. depression risk in Model 1 includes 1,307 people, thus excluding 39 people with missing data. Model 2 includes 1,237 people, thus excluding 109 people with missing data.

^b Analyses for meat consumption vs. depression risk in Model 1 includes 1,308 people, thus excluding 38 people with missing data. Model 2 includes 1,238 people, thus excluding 108 people with missing data.

^c Analyses for dairy consumption vs. depression risk in Model 1 includes 1,304 people, thus excluding 42 people with missing data. Model 2 includes 1,234 people, thus excluding 112 people with missing data.