TABLE 2.
Screening and assessment data by school
| School 1 (baseline N = 44) | School 2 (baseline N = 118) | School 3 (baseline N = 59) | Total (N = 220) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Screened at stage 1, n (% of baseline) | 38 (86) | 109 (92) | 56 (95) | 203 (92) |
| Sex, n (% of baseline) | ||||
| Male | 18 (40) | 55 (46) | 30 (51) | 103 (47) |
| Female | 20 (45) | 54 (46) | 26 (44) | 100 (45) |
| Age, Years (y) and months (m) | ||||
| Median | 8y11m | 8y10m | 8y6m | 8y10m |
| [interquartile range] | [8y9m, 9y5m] | [8y5m, 9y6m] | [8y3m, 8y11m] | [8y 5m, 9y4m] |
| (range) | (8y3m, 9y9m) | (8y0m, 9y10m) | (8y0m, 9y8y) | (8y0m, 9y10m) |
| Physical screen positive, n (% of baseline) | ||||
| Height <9th percentile | 4 (9) | 7 (6) | 2 (3) | 13 (6) |
| Weight <9th percentile | 2 (5) | 3 (3) | 2 (3) | 7 (3) |
| OFC <2th percentile | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 3 (1) |
| Reason for recruitment, n (% of invited) | ||||
| SEN | 14 (66) | 7 (43) | 5 (50) | 26 (13) |
| SFA | 3 (14) | 5 (31) | 4 (40) | 12 (6) |
| LAC | 2 (10) | 3 (18) | 1 (10) | 6 (3) |
| SFA + SEN | 2 (10) | 0 | 0 | 2 (1) |
| SFA + prevLAC | 0 | 1 (6) | 0 | 1 (0.5) |
| Parent opt‐in | 0 | 3 (16) | 0 | 3 (1) |
| Invited to second phase | 21 | 19 | 10 | 50 |
| Phase 2 assessments | N = 10 | N = 9 | N = 7 | N = 26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Referral reason, n (% of Phase 2 participants) | ||||
| SEN | 5 (50) | 3 (33) | 4 (57) | 12 (46) |
| SFA | 3 (30) | 0 | 2 (29) | 5 (19) |
| LAC | 0 | 2 (22) | 1 (14) | 3 (12) |
| SFA and SEN | 2 (20) | 0 | 0 | 2 (8) |
| SFA and PrevLAC | 0 | 1 (11) | 0 | 1 (4) |
| parent opt‐in | 0 | 3 (33) | 0 | 3 (11) |
| Maternal ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| White UK | 10 (100) | 8 (89) | 6 (86) | 24 (92) |
| Nonwhite | 0 | 1 (11) | 0 | 1 (4) |
| Not reported | 0 | 0 | 1 (14) | 1 (4) |
| Maternal educational qualifications, highest received, n (%) | ||||
| <4 GCSEs | 2 (20) | 0 | 1 (14) | 3 (12) |
| 4+GCSEs | 4 (40) | 0 | 2 (29) | 6 (23) |
| 2+A levels | 2 (20) | 3 (33) | 1 (14) | 6 (23) |
| Degree | 2 (20) | 4 (44) | 2 (29) | 8 (30) |
| Missing data | 0 | 2 (22) | 1 (14) | 3 (12) |
| Full assessment | ||||
| Deficits in 3 subdomains met, n (% of assessed) | 8 (80) | 7 (78) | 6 (86) | 21 (80) |
| FASD, n (% of assessed) | ||||
| FASD | 1 (10) | 3 (33) | 0 (0) | 4 (15) |
| FASD and possible FASD | 3 (30) | 4 (44) | 1 (10) | 8 (30) |
| Other outcomes | ||||
| ASD | 0 (0) | 2 (22) | 3 (43) | 5 (19) |
| ADHD | 2 (20) | 0 (0) | 1 (14) | 3 (12) |
| DLD | 2 (20) | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | 3 (12) |
| General learning disability | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (28) | 2 (8) |
| No disorder | 3 (30) |
2 (22 ) |
0 (0) | 5 (19) |
| FASD prevalence per 100 [95% CI] | ||||
| FASD | 2.3 [0.3,14.8] | 2.5 [0.8, 7.4] | No observations | 1.8 [1.0,3.4] |
| FASD and possible FASD | 7.0 [2.2,19.8] | 3.4 [1.3, 8.7] | 1.7 [0.2,11.1] | 3.6 [2.1,6.3] |
Abbreviations: A level, Advanced Level, qualification usually taken at age 18 years; ADHD, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; CI, confidence interval; DLD, developmental language disorder; FASD, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; GCSE, General Certificate of Education, qualification usually taken at age 16 years; LAC, “looked‐after child,” that is, under care of local authority; OFC, occipital frontal circumference; PrevLAC, previously looked‐after child, that is, adopted; SEN, on school educational needs register; SFA, small for age.