Table 2.
Measures and definitions of social connectedness and related terms used in studies with parents with low incomes
| Quantitative studies | ||
|---|---|---|
| First author (year) | Definition of social connectedness or proxy term | Quantitative measures for social connectedness |
| Acri (2019) | Cohesiveness: feelings of belonging, understood, and accepted by group members | ‐29‐item measure for participants’ perception of the 4Rs 2Ss intervention including 3 items measuring cohesion |
| Adaji (2019) |
Cohesion, Group cohesiveness Definition not specified |
‐3‐item measure of cohesion |
| Booth (2020) |
Neighborhood cohesion‐ Definition not specified |
‐5‐item, Likert scale measure on neighborhood cohesion |
| Brisson (2012) | Social Cohesion: the ability to establish positive relationships and build trust with neighbors | ‐4 items on scale developed to measure social cohesion, informal social control, and collective efficacy |
| Brisson (2019) | Neighborhood social cohesion: Definition not specified | ‐4‐item, Likert scale measure of neighborhood social cohesion, from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods |
| McCloskey (2019) | Neighborhood social cohesion: Mothers’ level of trusting relationships and collective social norms among individuals in a shared community |
‐Social Cohesion and Trust Scale ‐5‐item scale, statements of neighborhood social cohesion |
| McLeigh (2018) | Neighborhood social cohesion: Mutual trust and shared expectations among neighbors |
‐Social Cohesion Scale ‐5‐item Likert‐type scale |
| Prendergast (2019) | Neighborhood social cohesion: mutual trust and support among neighbors | ‐5‐item, Likert scale measure on neighborhood social cohesion |
| Yuma‐Guerrero (2017) | Neighborhood social cohesion: the extent of connectedness and solidarity among residents in a neighborhood | ‐6‐indicator, Likert scale measure on social cohesion in their neighborhood |
| Qualitative studies | ||
|---|---|---|
| Definition of social connectedness or proxy term | Emerging qualitative themes | |
| Bess (2014) |
Social connections Definition not specified |
Access to SC Scarcity Protective avoidance Connectedness Environment of acceptance Normalization |
| Curry (2019) |
Social connections Definition not specified |
Access to SC Scarcity Connectedness |
| Davison (2013) |
Social connectedness Definition not specified |
Access to SC Scarcity Protective avoidance Loss |
| Eastwood (2014) |
Connectedness Social cohesion Definitions not specified |
Access to SC Scarcity Protective avoidance Connectedness |
| Lipman (2010) | Social connectedness term not specified: Article discussed mothers’ connections to participants in a community‐based support/educational group that included components of social connectedness |
Access to SC Scarcity Loss Connectedness Environment of acceptance Normalization |
| Parsons (2019) | Social connection: the ways individuals connect via physical, behavioral, social‐cognitive, and emotional pathways |
Access to SC Scarcity Protective avoidance Connectedness |
|
Environment of acceptance Normalization | ||