TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	Group
	Pen‐injector–naïve patients (n = 11)	Pen‐injector–experienced patients (n = 15)	Non‐pharmacist HCPs (n = 15)
Age, y, mean (range)	66 (39‐82)	58 (32‐73)	49 (31‐68)
Female, n (%)	4 (36)	9 (60)	10 (67)
BMI, kg/m2, mean	32.3	37.3	NA
≥30 kg/m2, n (%)	8 (72.7)	15 (100)	NA
≥27‐<30 kg/m2, n (%)	3 (27.3)	0 (0)	NA
Vision a
Normal	1	1	6
Corrected with contacts/glasses for reading	7	8	3
Corrected with contacts/glasses for distance	0	4	3
Corrected with contacts/glasses for distance and reading	3	2	3
Hearing
Normal	9	14	15
Corrected with hearing aids in both ears b	2	1	0
Dexterity
Normal	7	11	13
Arthritis, both hands	2	1	1
Arthritis, right hand c	1	1	0
Neuropathy, both hands	0	1	0
Neuropathy, right hand	0	1	0
Numbness, right index finger	1	0	0
Tremor in both hands	0	0	1
Highest education level completed			NA
High school	0	3
Some college/college	11	7
Associates degree	0	4
Advanced degree	0	1
Occupation	NA	NA
Registered nurse			6
Physician			5
Certified diabetes educator			4
Year in professional practice, mean (range)	NA	NA	19 (5‐47)
Work environment d	NA	NA
Hospital			11
Primary care clinic			2
Long‐term care clinic			—
Endocrinology clinic			—
Family medicine clinic			1
Outpatient clinic			1

Note: All values are counts, unless otherwise specified.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HCP, healthcare professional; NA, not applicable.

^a One patient reported more than one vision correction/impairment.

^b There were no patients who had hearing impairments that were corrected in one ear only.

^c There were no patients who had arthritis in their left hand only.

^d Some HCPs reported more than one work environment.