Table 5.
Electrophilic aromatic sulfonylation with sulfonic acids.
|
Entry |
Catalyst or promoter |
Sulfonylating agent |
Solvent |
Conditions |
Scope and yield |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
P2O5/SiO2 (w/w 75 %, 1.2 g) |
TsOH, PhSO3H, MsOH (3.1 mmol) |
ArH (5 mL) |
reflux, 30–105 min |
15 examples 50–90 % |
[24a] |
|
2 |
Nafion‐H (400 mg, 50 wt%) |
TsOH, PhSO3H, MsOH (5.0 mmol) |
ArH (40 mL) |
reflux, 8–20 h, Dean–Stark trap |
11 examples 30–82 % |
[24b] |
|
3 |
Fe3+‐montmorillonite (0.2 g) |
ArSO3H, MsOH, Ms2O, Ts2O (3.0 mmol) |
ArH (5 mL) |
reflux, 6–24 h |
18 examples 23–94 % |
[24c] |
|
4 |
SiO2−AlCl3 (10 mol%) |
TsOH, PhSO3H ArH/ ArSO3H=4 : 3 (mol) |
– |
80 °C, 1.3–2.7 h |
22 examples 85–94 % |
[24d] |