Figure 3.

PKD1 is associated with cell differentiation of BM‐MSCs under oxidative stress. Primary rat BM‐MSCs transfected with PKD1‐siRNA and treated with 0–100 µM H₂O₂. (A, B) ALP activity assays were performed to assess the early osteogenic differentiation of BM‐MSCs. (C) Alizarin red S staining was used to detect the presence of calcium deposits. qPCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of RUNX2 (D), COL1A1, (E), and BGLAP (F). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD, n = 3. *p < .05, **p < .01 versus cells transfected with negative control RNA fragments (NC). BGLAP, bone gammacarboxyglutamate (gla) protein (osteocalcin); BM‐MSCs, bone marrow‐mesenchymal stem cells; mRNA, messenger RNA; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction