Table 4.
Effect size (r) and reported p‐level for each relationship included in review
| Author(s), year of publication | Aspect of literacy | Aspect of cognition | N | r‐value | Lower CI | Upper CI | p‐level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alloway (2011) | Reading achievement (composite – word reading, spelling, reading comprehension) | Verbal short‐term memory | 50 | .39 | .13 | .60 | <.01 |
| Verbal working memory | 50 | .45 | .20 | .65 | <.01 | ||
| Visuo‐spatial short‐term memory | 50 | .43 | .17 | .63 | <.01 | ||
| Visuo‐spatial working memory | 50 | .49 | .25 | .68 | <.01 | ||
| Åsberg Johnels et al. (2014) | Spelling | Working memory | 30 | .41 | .06 | .67 | <.05 |
| Inhibition | 30 | −.45 | −.68 | −.11 | <.05 | ||
| Çelik et al. (2016) | Reading comprehension | Working memory | 48 | .49 | .24 | .68 | <.01 |
| Processing speed | 48 | .25 | −.04 | .50 | ns | ||
| Reading speed | Working memory | 48 | .25 | −.04 | .50 | ns | |
| Processing speed | 48 | .17 | −.12 | .43 | ns | ||
| Reading error | Working memory | 48 | −.41 | −.62 | −.14 | <.01 | |
| Processing speed | 48 | .27 | −.02 | .52 | ns | ||
| Reading fluency | Working memory | 48 | .41 | .14 | .62 | <.01 | |
| Processing speed | 48 | .17 | −.12 | .43 | ns | ||
| Mano et al. (2017) | Reading comprehension | Processing speed | |||||
| Males | 115 | .32 | .15 | .48 | <.001 | ||
| Females | 72 | .16 | −.07 | .38 | ns | ||
| Basic reading | Processing speed | ||||||
| Males | 115 | .38 | .21 | .53 | <.001 | ||
| Females | 72 | .08 | −.16 | .31 | ns | ||
| Mayes and Calhoun (2007) | Reading comprehension | Working memory | |||||
| WISC‐III | 586 | .53 | .47 | .59 | NR | ||
| WISC‐IV | 92 | .57 | .41 | .69 | NR | ||
| Processing speed | |||||||
| WISC‐III | 586 | .39 | .32 | .46 | NR | ||
| WISC‐IV | 92 | .33 | .13 | .50 | NR | ||
| Word reading | Working memory | ||||||
| WISC‐III | 586 | .49 | .43 | .55 | NR | ||
| WISC‐IV | 92 | .58 | .43 | .70 | NR | ||
| Processing speed | |||||||
| WISC‐III | 586 | .34 | .27 | .41 | NR | ||
| WISC‐IV | 92 | .52 | .27 | .41 | NR | ||
| Written expression | Working memory | ||||||
| WISC‐III | 586 | .42 | .35 | .49 | NR | ||
| WISC‐IV | 92 | .53 | .37 | .66 | NR | ||
| Processing speed | |||||||
| WISC‐III | 586 | .43 | .36 | .49 | NR | ||
| WISC‐IV | 92 | .38 | .19 | .54 | NR | ||
| Tamm et al. (2014) | Basic reading | Inhibition | 65 | −.25 | −.47 | −.01 | <.05 |
| Executive attention | 65 | −.33 | −.53 | −.09 | <.01 | ||
| Processing speed | 65 | −.10 | −.34 | .15 | ns | ||
| Word reading efficiency | Inhibition | 65 | −.18 | −.41 | .07 | ns | |
| Executive attention | 65 | −.31 | −.52 | −.07 | <.05 | ||
| Processing speed | 65 | −.14 | −.37 | .12 | ns | ||
| Reading comprehension | Inhibition | 65 | −.14 | −.37 | .12 | ns | |
| Executive attention | 65 | −.32 | −.52 | −.08 | <.05 | ||
| Processing speed | 65 | −.20 | −.42 | .05 | ns | ||