. 2021 Jul 10;27(19):4575–4591. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15752

TABLE 2.

Effects of region, land‐use system (LUS), and soil type (REF and ADE) on β‐diversity (without singletons) and species turnover rates of total soil macrofauna (339 morphospecies), ant, termite, and earthworm assemblages. Richness values used for the calculations are from the soil monoliths (TSBF)

Partitioned effect	Max div. (β_Sorensen)	Turnover (β_{Simpson dis}.)	Max div. (β_Sorensen)	Turnover (β_{Simpson dis}.)	Max div. (β_Sorensen)	Turnover (β_{Simpson dis}.)	Max div. (β_Sorensen)	Turnover (β_{Simpson dis}.)
	All fauna		Ants		Termites		Earthworms
Region effect ¹
In REF	0.87	0.84	0.87	0.81	0.83	0.47	0.93	0.90
In ADE	0.86	0.82	0.84	0.79	0.82 ^a	0.76 ^a	0.84	0.84
LUS effect ²
In REF	0.85	0.79	0.90	0.82	0.83	0.67	0.90	0.85
In ADE	0.82	0.74	0.85	0.80	0.80	0.39	0.72	0.65
Soil effect ³
In O	0.74	0.70	0.86	0.85	0.85	0.79	0.43	0.31
In Y	0.68	0.66	0.82	0.80	0.76	0.68	0.68	0.68
In A	0.74	0.68	0.77	0.61	—	—	0.83	0.83

Abbreviations: A, agricultural systems; ADE, Amazonian Dark Earth; O, old secondary forests; REF, Reference soil; Y, young regeneration forests.

^{^a}

Calculated using only O and Y forest sites.

^¹

Region: Mean regional effect, presented for each soil type and calculated by averaging all turnovers for each LUS, tested between regions (e.g., old forest at Iranduba vs. old forests at Belterra on REF soil).

^²

LUS: Mean effect of all differences in land‐use systems, presented for each soil type and within each region, and then averaged across all regions (e.g., both young forests compared with pasture at Porto Velho).

^³

Soil: Mean effect of soil type in each land‐use system, compared within each region (e.g., old forest in Belterra on ADE compared with old forest in Belterra on REF soil) and then averaged over all regions.