TABLE 3.

Overview of study types

Study type	n	First author & year
Algorithm development/cross‐sectional	2	Čadová 2014, Ikeda 1996
Before‐after interventional	9	Castro Mattia 2018, Clark 1981, Kardachi 1977, Manfredini 2018, Needham 2013, Raphael 2013, Rugh 1981, Saueressig 2010, Zhou 2016
Case‐control	18	Ahlberg 2008, Camara‐Souza 2018, Iwasaki 2015, Jonsgar 2015, Karakoulaki 2015, Kato 2018, Minakuchi 2014, Miyawaki 2003, Mude 2017, Nitschke 2011, Ohlmann 2018, Ono 2008, Palinkas 2019, Schmitter 2015, Shedden Mora 2012, Suganuma 2007, Wei 2017, Yachida 2012
Controlled interventional	2	Rugh 1984 & 1989
Cross‐sectional	19	Baba 2005, Clarke 1984 & 1984, Hammoudi 2019, Khawaja 2015, Manfredini 2011, 2016 & 2019, Matsuda 2016, Minakuchi 2016, Miyawaki 2004, Mizumori 2013, Murakami 2014, Nagamatsu‐Sakaguchi 2017, Ohlmann 2020, Po 2013, Takaoka 2017, Thymi 2019, Yamaguchi 2012
Device development/case report	1	Yamaguchi 2018
Device development/cross‐sectional	2	Haketa 2003, Stock 1983
Device development/case‐control	1	Sakagami 2002
Diagnostic validity	7	Castroflorio 2014 & 2015, Gallo 1997, Maeta 2019, Mainieri 2012, Shochat 2007, Stuginski‐Parbosa 2015
Epidemiological	2	Gallo 1999, Minakuchi 2012
Prospective cohort	1	Thymi 2020
Randomised controlled trial	13	Abekura 2008, Baad‐Hansen 2007, Carvalho Bortoletto 2016, Conti 2014, Harada 2006, Jadidi 2008 & 2013, Lee 2010, Matsumoto 2015, Mohamed 1997, Saito‐ Murakami 2020, Shedden Mora 2013, Shimada 2019
Reliability	1	Deregibus 2014

Abbreviation: n, number of studies.