TABLE 5.
Rectification, signal processing and additional filtering of EMG signal
| Outcome | n | First author & year | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rectification | yes | 17 | Abekura 2008, Baad‐Hansen 2007, Baba 2005, Gallo 1997 & 1999, Haketa 2003, Jadidi 2008 & 2013, Kato 2018, Manfredini 2011, Miyawaki 2003 & 2004, Mizumori 2013, Mohamed 1997, Rugh 1989, Saito‐Murakami 2020, Sakagami 2010 |
| Refers to other publication | 1 | Nitschke 2011 | |
| Not described | 60 | Ahlberg 2008, Čadová 2014, Camara‐Souza 2018, Carvalho Bortoletto 2016, Castro Mattia 2018, Castroflorio 2014 & 2015, Clark 1981, Clarke 1984 & 1984, Conti 2014, Deregibus 2014, Hammoudi 2019, Harada 2006, Ikeda 1996, Iwasaki 2015, Jonsgar 2015, Karakoulaki 2015, Kardachi 1977, Khawaja 2015, Lee 2010, Maeda 2019, Mainieri 2012, Manfredini 2016, 2018 & 2019, Matsuda 2016, Matsumoto 2015, Minakuchi 2012, 2014 & 2016, Mude 2017, Murakami 2014, Nagamatsu‐Sakaguchi 2017, Needham 2013, Ohlmann 2018 & 2020, Ono 2008, Palinkas 2019, Po 2013, Raphael 2013, Rugh 1981 & 1984, Saueressig 2010, Schmitter 2015, Shedden Mora 2012 & 2013, Shimada 2019, Shochat 2007, Stock 1983, Stuginski‐Barbosa 2015, Suganuma 2007, Takaoka 2017, Thymi 2019 & 2020, Wei 2017, Yachida 2012, Yamaguchi 2012 & 2018, Zhou 2016 | |
| Processing | Averaged signal | 2 | Gallo 1997, Harada 2006 |
| Averaged at 16 Hz | 1 | Matsumoto 2015 | |
| Averaged with moving interval of 1 ms and window time of 19 ms | 2 | Miyawaki 2003 & 2004 | |
| Converted to absolute value and smoothed with a width of 15 sampling points | 1 | Matsuda 2016 | |
| Converted to absolute values and smoothed by a width of 101 points (.1 s) | 1 | Maeda 2019 | |
| Root mean square | 5 | Baad‐Hansen 2007, Ikeda 1996, Manfredini 2011, Raphael 2013, Saito‐Murakami 2020 | |
| Root mean square amplitude values calculated over 125‐ms contiguous rectangular windows | 1 | Po 2013 | |
| Root mean square conversion in 0.125‐sec segments, and 0.0625‐sec overlap of time segments | 1 | Lee 2010 | |
| Root mean square conversion in 128‐ms time‐windows | 1 | Iwasaki 2015 | |
| Root mean square conversion with integration time of 10 ms | 1 | Kato 2018 | |
| Root mean square with average factor of 100 ms | 1 | Shedden Mora 2012 | |
| Integrated signal, integration time 0.5 s | 1 | Gallo 1999 | |
| Integrated signal, integration time was the entire duration of sleep | 1 | Mohamed 1997 | |
| Integrated signal, but method not described | 2 | Čadová 2014, Mizumori 2013 | |
| Performed, but method not described | 2 | Baba 2005, Haketa 2003 | |
| Refers to other publication | 3 | Nitschke 2011, Rugh 1989, Shedden Mora 2013 | |
| Not described | 52 | Abekura 2008, Ahlberg 2008, Camara‐Souza 2018, Carvalho Bortoletto 2016, Castro Mattia 2018, Castroflorio 2014 & 2015, Clark 1981, Clarke 1984 & 1984, Conti 2014, Deregibus 2014, Hammoudi 2019, Jadidi 2008 & 2013, Jonsgar 2015, Karakoulaki 2015, Kardachi 1977, Khawaja 2015, Mainieri 2012, Manfredini 2016, 2018 & 2019, Minakuchi 2012, 2014 & 2016, Miyawaki 2003 & 2004, Mude 2017, Murakami 2014, Nagamatsu‐Sakaguchi 2017, Needham 2013, Ohlmann 2018 & 2020, Ono 2008, Palinkas 2019, Rugh 1981 & 1984, Sakagami 2010, Saueressig 2010, Schmitter 2015, Shimada 2019, Shochat 2007, Stock 1983, Stuginski‐Barbosa 2015, Suganuma 2007, Takaoka 2017, Thymi 2019 & 2020, Wei 2017, Yachida 2012, Yamaguchi 2012 & 2018, Zhou 2016 | |
| Additional filtering | 200 Hz low‐pass filter and 60 Hz notch filter | 1 | Mude 2017 |
| 500 Hz low‐pass filter and 60 Hz notch filter | 1 | Kato 2018 | |
| 20 Hz high pass filter | 2 | Maeda 2019, Matsuda 2016 | |
| Low‐level noise | 1 | Iwasaki 2015 | |
| Refers to other publication | 2 | Nitschke 2011, Rugh 1989 | |
| Not described | 71 | Abekura 2008, Ahlberg 2008, Baad‐Hansen 2007, Baba 2005, Čadová 2014, Camara‐Souza 2018, Carvalho Bortoletto 2016, Castro Mattia 2018, Castroflorio 2014 & 2015, Clark 1981, Clarke 1984 & 1984, Conti 2014, Deregibus 2014, Gallo 1997 & 1999, Haketa 2003, Hammoudi 2019, Harada 2006, Ikeda 1996, Jadidi 2008 & 2013, Jonsgar 2015, Karakoulaki 2015, Kardachi 1977, Khawaja 2015, Lee 2010, Mainieri 2012, Manfredini 2011, 2016, 2018 & 2019, Matsumoto 2015, Minakuchi 2012, 2014 & 2016, Miyawaki 2003 & 2004, Mizumori 2013, Mohaer 1997, Murakami 2014, Nagamatsu‐Sakaguchi 2017, Needham 2013, Ohlmann 2018 & 2020, Ono 2008, Palinkas 2019, Po 2013, Raphael 2013, Rugh 1981 & 1984, Saito‐Murakami 2020, Sakagami 2010, Saueressig 2010, Schmitter 2015, Shedden Mora 2012 & 2013, Shimada 2019, Shochat 2007, Stock 1983, Stuginski‐Barbosa 2015, Suganuma 2007, Takaoka 2017, Thymi 2019 & 2020, Wei 2017, Yachida 2012, Yamaguchi 2012 & 2018, Zhou 2016 |
Abbreviation: n, number of studies.