TABLE 3.
Maternal and obstetrical characteristics for women with SMO in relation to women without SMO a
| SMO (n = 399) | Non‐SMO (n = 1005) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 27.0 ± 6.6 | 25.3 5.9b |
| Home language | (n = 389) | (n = 1014) |
| Xhosa | 199 (49.9) | 0 (0) |
| Afrikaans | 162 (40.6) | 795 (79.1) |
| English | 13 (3.2) | 87 (8.7) |
| Other | 15 (3.9) | 132 (12.2) |
| Marital status | (n = 387) | (n = 1005) |
| Unmarried | 310 (77.7)e | 741 (73.8)e |
| Married | 77 (19.3) | 264 (26.3) |
| Income in South African Randf | (n = 387) | (n = 674) |
| No income | 262 (67.7) | 0 (0) |
| 1–500 | 5 (1.3) | 122 (12.1) |
| 500–4000 | 105 (27.1) | 551 (54.8) |
| ≥400 | 15 (3.9) | 1 (0.1) |
| Gestational age, week | (n = 361) | (n = 1005) |
| ≤24 | 26 (7.2) | 15 (1.5) |
| 24–37 | 211 (58.4) | 139 (13.9) |
| ≥37 | 124 (34.3) | 851 (84.7) |
| BMI | 28.6 ± 7.7c | 25.4 ± 5.8d |
| HIV positive | 88/378 (23.3) | 14/1003 (1.4) |
| CD4 count >0 <200 | 20/87 (23.0) | NA |
| On antiretroviral drugs | 65/87 (74.7) | NA |
| Unknown | 10/87 (11.5) | NA |
| Hypertensive disorder | 149/399 | 142/1001 (14.2) |
| Chronic hypertension | 44 (11.0) | 40 (4.0) |
| Pregnancy‐induced hypertension | 21 (5.2) | 86 (8.6) |
| Pre‐eclampsia | 84 (21.1) | 16 (1.6) |
| Mode of birth | (n = 398) | (n = 989) |
| Induction | 147 (36.8) | 126 (13.4) |
| Spontaneous vaginal birth | 131 (32.9) | 780 (78.9) |
| Assisted vaginal birth | 7 (1.8) | 38 (3.8) |
| Cesarean sectiong | 218 (55.0) | 6,3 (16.5) |
| Neonatal outcome, births | (n = 390) | (n = 1005) |
| Live birth | 232/364 (63.7) | 985/1016 (97) |
| Stillbirth | 110/364 (30.2) | 17/1016 (1.7) |
| Neonatal death | 5/364 (1.3) | 6/1016 (0.6) |
| Sets of twins | 17/36 (4.7) | 11/1016 (1.1) |
| Otherh | 443/390 (11.0) | 14/1005 (1.3) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters); SMO, severe maternal outcome.
a
Values are given as mean ± standard deviation, as number (percentage) or as number/total number (percentage).
b
Age known from 1003 women.
c
n =315.
d
n =992.
e
This group contains single and having a partner, but not married.
f
Per month in South African Rand (1 GBP is 21.0 SAR in November 2020).
g
Elective and emergency cesarean section and hysterotomy.
h
This group contains missing data and early pregnancies (<28 weeks or <700 g in case of unsure gestation).