TABLE 2.
Risk factors for invasive infection
|
Gastroenteritis (n = 134) |
Invasive infection (n = 11) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at infection, median (IQR) | 54 (41–62) | 32 (21–66) | 0.113 |
| Sex (F), n (%) | 42 (31.3%) | 3 (27.3%) | 1.000 |
| Years after transplantation, median (IQR) | 1.6 (0.6–3.2) | 2.1 (1.3–4.0) | 0.424 |
| Transplanted organ, n (%) | |||
| Kidney | 93 (69.4%) | 6 (54.6%) | 0.326 |
| Liver | 17 (12.7%) | 2 (18.2%) | 0.638 |
| Heart | 12 (9.0%) | 2 (18.2%) | 0.287 |
| Lung | 6 (4.5%) | 1 (9.1%) | 0.431 |
| Combined | 5 (3.7%) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Other | 1 (0.8%) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Salmonella, n (%) | 10 (7.5%) | 5 (45.5%) | 0.002 |
| Maintenance immunosuppression, a n (%) | |||
| Tacrolimus | 103 (76.9%) | 8 (72.7%) | 0.720 |
| Mycophenolate (MMF or MPA) | 120 (89.6%) | 10 (90.9%) | 1.000 |
| Prednisone | 98 (73.1%) | 10 (90.9%) | 0.290 |
| Azathioprine | 4 (3.0%) | 1 (9.1%) | 0.330 |
| TMP‐SMX prophylaxis, a n (%) | 39 (29.1%) | 2 (18.2%) | 0.729 |
| Acute rejection, b n (%) | 6 (4.5%) | 3 (27.3%) | 0.021 |
| Use of anti‐lymphocyte globulin, c n (%) | 5 (3.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | 0.383 |
Two‐sided Fisher exact test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for comparison of categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Invasive infection could not be assessed for six episodes.
Abbreviations: F, female; IQR, interquartile range; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MPA, mycophenolic acid; TMP‐SMX, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole.
a
Maintenance immunosuppression and TMP‐SMX prophylaxis at time of infection.
b
Treated acute rejection within 180 days before infection.
c
Use of anti‐lymphocyte globulin within 180 days before infection.